Joule heating and dissipation couple effects on magneto silver-graphene hybrid nanofluids upon radial stretching surface.

This study aims to scrutinize the numerical exploration of the unsteady axisymmetric flow of hybrid nanofluid (Ag-Gr\HO) across a radial surface. This research addresses the need for enhanced heat transfer mechanisms in industrial applications by incorporating the effects of convective thermal transfer, suction\injection, Joule heating, and viscous dissipation. The collection of flow-controlling Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) has been simplified to Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) by the appropriate similarity transformations. Further, the finite difference method (Keller Box technique) is incorporated to determine the numerical solutions with the assistance of MATLAB software. The fluid flow and thermal distributions are examined to understand the impact of different factors such as magnetic strength, unsteadiness, Eckert number, Biot number, suction\injection, porosity, and nanoparticle volume fraction. The results demonstrate significant enhancements in thermal distribution for the enhanced Eckert number and Biot number. As magnetic and porosity parameters increase, the flow distribution declines. Moreover, the tabular form depicts local changes in Nusselt number and skin friction coefficient for a certain range of embedded parameters. The present study was compared to prior studies and showed remarkable concurrence with previous findings. This consistency underscores the robustness of our methodology and the reliability of the results.