Tu Liangxing, Xing Banghuai, Ma Shufei, Zou Zijian, Wang Siying, Feng Jianfang, Cheng Meng, Jin Yi
Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China.
Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, PR China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, PR China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Apr;304(Pt 2):140820. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140820. Epub 2025 Feb 9.
The tumor-targeted drug delivery system (TTDNS) uses nanocarriers to transport chemotherapeutic agents to target tumor cells or tissues precisely. This innovative approach considerably increases the effective concentration of these drugs at the tumor site, thereby enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. Many chemotherapeutic agents face challenges, such as low bioavailability, high cytotoxicity, and inadequate drug resistance. To address these obstacles, TTDNS comprising natural polysaccharides have gained increasing popularity in the field of nanotechnology owing to their ability to improve safety, bioavailability, and biocompatibility while reducing toxicity. In addition, it enhances permeability and allows for controlled drug delivery and release. This review focuses on the sources of natural polysaccharides and their direct and indirect mechanisms of anti-tumor activity. We also explored the preparation of various polysaccharide-based nanocarriers, including nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanohydrogels, nanoliposomes, nanocapsules, nanomicelles, nanocrystals, and nanofibers. Furthermore, this review delves into the versatile applications of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers, elucidating their capabilities for in vivo targeting, controlled release, and responsiveness to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, such as pH, reactive oxygen species, glutathione, light, ultrasound, and magnetic fields. This sophisticated design substantially enhances the chemotherapeutic efficacy of the encapsulated drugs at tumor sites and provides a basis for preclinical and clinical research. However, the in vivo stability, drug loading, and permeability of these preparations into tumor tissues still need to be improved. Most of the currently developed biomarker-sensitive polysaccharide nanocarriers are still in the laboratory stage, more innovative delivery mechanisms and clinical studies are needed to develop commercial nanocarriers for medical use.
肿瘤靶向给药系统（TTDNS）利用纳米载体将化疗药物精确地输送到靶向肿瘤细胞或组织。这种创新方法显著提高了这些药物在肿瘤部位的有效浓度，从而增强了它们的治疗效果。许多化疗药物面临着挑战，如生物利用度低、细胞毒性高和耐药性不足。为了解决这些障碍，由天然多糖组成的TTDNS在纳米技术领域越来越受欢迎，因为它们能够提高安全性、生物利用度和生物相容性，同时降低毒性。此外，它还能增强通透性，并实现药物的可控递送和释放。本综述重点关注天然多糖的来源及其抗肿瘤活性的直接和间接机制。我们还探讨了各种基于多糖的纳米载体的制备，包括纳米颗粒、纳米乳液、纳米水凝胶、纳米脂质体、纳米胶囊、纳米胶束、纳米晶体和纳米纤维。此外，本综述深入研究了基于多糖的纳米载体的多种应用，阐明了它们在体内靶向、控释以及对内源性和外源性刺激（如pH值、活性氧、谷胱甘肽、光、超声和磁场）的响应能力。这种精密设计大大提高了封装药物在肿瘤部位的化疗效果，并为临床前和临床研究提供了基础。然而，这些制剂在体内的稳定性、载药量以及进入肿瘤组织的通透性仍有待提高。目前大多数已开发的对生物标志物敏感的多糖纳米载体仍处于实验室阶段，需要更多创新的递送机制和临床研究来开发用于医疗用途的商业纳米载体。
