Kasse Tsehaynew, Solomon Tebibu, Mesfin Abel, Lonsako Arega Abebe, Orkaido Okaso, Agegnehu Yalemzer, Haile Addisalem
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Nursing, Arba Minch University, P.O. Box; 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wolkite University, P.O. Box; 07, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Jan 13;25(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-10477-6.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a significant global health challenge, leading to approximately 1.1 million deaths annually. Informal caregivers of HBV patients face an increased risk of exposure, yet there is limited research on their awareness and infection prevention practices. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and practices regarding HBV among informal caregivers in public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, in 2024.
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 15 to July 15, 2024, involving 422 informal caregivers selected through a systematic random sampling method. Data were collected using structured, interviewer-administered questionnaires that were pretested. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 26, with logistic regression identifying factors influencing awareness and practices, set at p < 0.05.
Out of 414 surveyed caregivers (response rate: 98.1%), the mean age was 34.31 years (± 12), with 63% female and 47.6% single. Only 24.9% (95% CI: 20.7-29.1%) showed good awareness, and merely 11.6% (95% CI: 8.5-14.7%) demonstrated good practices. Key factors associated with good awareness included caregivers' positive attitudes [AOR,2.54; 95% CI (1.4-4.72)], patient functional levels [AOR, 1.9; 95% CI (1.03-3.5)], and good practice [AOR, 4.2;95% CI (1.9-9.01)]. Good practices were linked to higher education levels [AOR, 4.84; 95% CI (1.22-11.1)], [AOR, 5.3; 95% CI (1.53-13.3)], acute disease status of the patient [AOR, 3.6; 95% CI (1.8-8.9)], positive attitude [AOR, 4.37; 95% CI (1.95-10.21)], and good awareness [AOR,3.1; 95% CI (1.4-6.7)].
The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to improve awareness and practices of informal caregivers regarding hepatitis B infection prevention in Addis Ababa. We recommend the development of tailored educational programs and accessible resources to address caregivers' specific needs, with an emphasis on hepatitis B prevention. Policymakers should prioritize frameworks that support and actively involve caregivers in patient care. Regular evaluations of caregiver knowledge and practices are essential to ensure that interventions are effective and remain responsive to emerging needs.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染对全球健康构成重大挑战，每年导致约110万人死亡。HBV患者的非正式护理人员面临更高的暴露风险，但关于他们的认识和感染预防措施的研究有限。本研究旨在评估2024年埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴公立医院中非正式护理人员对HBV的认识和措施。
于2024年5月15日至7月15日进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究，涉及通过系统随机抽样方法选取的422名非正式护理人员。使用经过预测试的结构化、由访谈员管理的问卷收集数据。使用SPSS 26版软件对数据进行分析，通过逻辑回归确定影响认识和措施的因素，设定p<0.05。
在414名接受调查的护理人员中（回复率：98.1%），平均年龄为34.31岁（±12），63%为女性，47.6%为单身。只有24.9%（95%CI：20.7 - 29.1%）表现出良好的认识，仅有11.6%（95%CI：8.5 - 14.7%）展示出良好的措施。与良好认识相关的关键因素包括护理人员的积极态度[AOR，2.54；95%CI（1.4 - 4.72）]、患者的功能水平[AOR，1.9；95%CI（1.03 - 3.5）]以及良好的措施[AOR，4.2；95%CI（1.9 - 9.01）]。良好的措施与更高的教育水平[AOR，4.84；95%CI（1.22 - 11.1）]、[AOR，5.3；95%CI（1.53 - 13.3）]、患者的急性疾病状态[AOR，3.6；95%CI（1.8 - 8.9）]、积极态度[AOR，4.37；95%CI（1.95 - 10.21）]以及良好的认识[AOR，3.1；95%CI（1.4 - 6.7）]相关。
研究结果强调需要采取有针对性的干预措施，以提高亚的斯亚贝巴非正式护理人员对预防乙型肝炎感染的认识和措施。我们建议制定量身定制的教育计划和可获取的资源，以满足护理人员的特定需求，重点是乙型肝炎预防。政策制定者应优先考虑支持并积极让护理人员参与患者护理的框架。定期评估护理人员的知识和措施对于确保干预措施有效并能持续满足新出现的需求至关重要。
