Bierman Thijs V, Fernandes Hocelayne P, Choi Young H, Seo Sumin, Vrieling Klaas, Macel Mirka, Knegt Bram, Kodger Thomas E, van Zwieten Ralph, Klinkhamer Peter G L, Bezemer T Martijn
Above-Belowground Interactions, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands.
Natural Products Laboratory, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Jan 28;16:1509126. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1509126. eCollection 2025.
Thrips are one of the most challenging pests in agricultural crops, including . In this study we tested via two plant assays whether solutions containing sticky rice germ oil (RGO) droplets could effectively trap thrips and lower thrips damage on . In the first assay, we additionally assessed the metabolomic effects of these RGO droplet sprays and thrips presence on plant chemistry via H NMR and headspace GC-MS on multiple timepoints to investigate which plant metabolites were affected by spraying and their potential relation to plant resistance against thrips. In the second assay, we tested the individual RGO solution constituents against thrips. Our results suggested that the adhesive RGO droplets were not effective as a physical trap as only three out of 600 adult thrips were caught at the achieved coverage. However, average thrips damage was still reduced up to 50% and no negative effects on plant growth were observed up to 25 days. Results from the second plant assay indicated that the individual constituents of the solution containing RGO droplets may have direct effects against thrips. Metabolomics analysis of sprayed leaves via headspace GC-MS and H NMR indicated that fatty acids and several volatile compounds such as 4(10)-thujene (sabinene), eucalyptol, -4-thujanol, and isocaryophyllene were highest on day 10, while sucrose, malic acid, -Cymene, and 3-Methyl-2-butenoic acid were highest on day 25. Plants with thrips showed higher flavonoid, carbohydrate and glutamine acetic acid levels, and lower fatty acids and malic acid levels. RGO application increased the levels of fatty acids and alcohols present on top of and inside the leaves, while decreasing the concentrations of volatile compounds such as eucalyptol, chrysanthenone and eugenol in the leaves. Most interestingly, the thrips effect on the plant metabolome was no longer visible in RGO treated plants at the later harvesttime, suggesting that RGO application may overrule or prevent the metabolomic effects of thrips infestation. In conclusion, our study provides new information on how the application of a new plant-based plant protection product affects insect herbivores and alters crop phytochemistry for improved herbivore resistance.
蓟马是包括……在内的农作物中最具挑战性的害虫之一。在本研究中，我们通过两种植物试验测试了含有糯米胚芽油（RGO）液滴的溶液是否能有效诱捕蓟马并降低其对……的损害。在第一个试验中，我们还通过核磁共振氢谱（H NMR）和顶空气相色谱 - 质谱联用（headspace GC - MS）在多个时间点评估了这些RGO液滴喷雾和蓟马存在对植物化学的代谢组学影响，以研究哪些植物代谢物受到喷雾影响以及它们与植物对蓟马抗性的潜在关系。在第二个试验中，我们测试了RGO溶液的各个成分对蓟马的作用。我们的结果表明，粘性RGO液滴作为物理诱捕器效果不佳，在所达到的覆盖率下，600只成年蓟马中仅捕获了3只。然而，蓟马的平均损害仍降低了50%，并且在长达25天的时间内未观察到对植物生长的负面影响。第二个植物试验的结果表明，含有RGO液滴的溶液的各个成分可能对蓟马有直接作用。通过顶空气相色谱 - 质谱联用和核磁共振氢谱对喷雾叶片进行代谢组学分析表明，脂肪酸和几种挥发性化合物，如4(10)-侧柏烯（桧烯）、桉叶油素、-4-松油醇和异石竹烯在第10天含量最高，而蔗糖、苹果酸、对异丙基苯和3-甲基-2-丁烯酸在第25天含量最高。有蓟马的植物显示出较高的黄酮类、碳水化合物和谷氨酰胺乙酸水平，以及较低的脂肪酸和苹果酸水平。施用RGO增加了叶片表面和内部存在的脂肪酸和醇类水平，同时降低了叶片中挥发性化合物如桉叶油素、菊酮和丁香酚的浓度。最有趣的是，在后期收获时，蓟马对植物代谢组的影响在RGO处理的植物中不再明显，这表明施用RGO可能会推翻或阻止蓟马侵害的代谢组学影响。总之，我们的研究提供了关于一种新型植物源植物保护产品的应用如何影响昆虫食草动物以及改变作物植物化学以提高对食草动物抗性的新信息
