Rehman Nazir Ur, Khan Mumtaz Ali, Ullah Shuja, Siab Afra, Islam Fakhrul, Elbeltagi Ahmed, Salem Ali
Department of Geology, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak, 27200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 12;15(1):5191. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89932-y.
This work was carried out for the determination of the water quality in the Talagang District of Pakistan, as water is essential for agriculture and drinking uses. This study aims to assess the water quality for irrigation, drinking, and health risks using the Water Quality Index (WQI) and Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) tools to identify regions with contaminated water, and to evaluate the associated risks. A total of 98 water samples were taken at various points from diverse sources such as hand pumps, streams, springs, dug wells, and tube wells for physio-chemical assessment. In the current study, the effectiveness of the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), human health risk assessment (HHRA), and water quality index (WQI) tools have been assessed. The characteristics of subterranean water are influenced by evaporation, ion exchange, rock-water interaction, and parent-rock weathering, as shown by the Piper and Gibbs diagram. According to the WQI results, the water quality is 20. 89% and 27.46% of the sample sites are moderate and poor, making them unfit for human intake. Based on HHRA, compared to adult males and females in the study area, children are deemed to be at a higher risk. A larger number of the sample localities are appropriate for irrigation purposes. The study assists in identifying contaminated regions and in monitoring newly implemented remediation actions to manage the source of contaminants in the study area.
这项工作是为了测定巴基斯坦塔拉岗地区的水质而开展的，因为水对于农业和饮用用途至关重要。本研究旨在利用水质指数（WQI）和人类健康风险评估（HHRA）工具评估灌溉用水、饮用水的水质以及健康风险，以识别受污染水的区域，并评估相关风险。总共从手压泵、溪流、泉水、挖井和管井等不同来源的各个点采集了98个水样用于理化评估。在本研究中，评估了灌溉水质指数（IWQI）、人类健康风险评估（HHRA）和水质指数（WQI）工具的有效性。如派珀图和吉布斯图所示，地下水的特征受蒸发、离子交换、岩石与水的相互作用以及母岩风化的影响。根据WQI结果，水质为中等和较差的采样点分别占20.89%和27.46%，这使得这些水不适合人类饮用。基于HHRA，与研究区域内的成年男性和女性相比，儿童被认为风险更高。大量采样地点适合用于灌溉目的。该研究有助于识别受污染区域，并监测新实施的修复行动，以管理研究区域内的污染物来源。
