Szlacheta Patryk, Grajek Mateusz, Gwiszcz Aleksander, Zalejska-Fiolka Jolanta, Zalejska-Fiolka Paulina, Korzonek-Szlacheta Ilona
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Katowice, Poland.
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, 41-902 Katowice, Poland.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 23;17(3):401. doi: 10.3390/nu17030401.
Football referees are pivotal to match regulation, requiring both cognitive and physical abilities comparable to players. Proper nutrition is essential to sustain their intense activity levels, yet dietary habits among referees in Poland are under-researched.
This study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits of football referees in Poland, focusing on identifying beneficial and detrimental practices and assessing their impact on professional performance.
A survey-based study was conducted with 258 football referees from Poland between December 2022 and January 2023. The questionnaire assessed demographic data, professional experience, and dietary habits, including meal frequency, food choices, and hydration. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test, with significance set at < 0.05.
Most referees consumed 4-5 meals daily (63.7%), but irregular meal timing (45.2%) was common, particularly among less-experienced referees. Consumption of fruits and vegetables was limited, with significant age-related differences. Water intake was generally adequate, but hydration strategies during matches varied. Cooking practices revealed a preference for frying (48.1%), reflecting limited awareness of healthier alternatives. Dietary education was highlighted as a key need, especially among referees with lower professional experience.
The results of the study clearly indicate significant deficiencies in meal regularity and healthy cooking practices among Polish soccer referees. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational programs that could help improve the health and professional performance of this group, especially in the context of increasing fruit and vegetable consumption and promoting healthier food processing methods.
足球裁判对于比赛规则的执行至关重要，他们需要具备与球员相当的认知能力和身体能力。合理的营养对于维持他们高强度的活动水平至关重要，但波兰裁判的饮食习惯研究较少。
本研究旨在评估波兰足球裁判的饮食习惯，重点是识别有益和有害的做法，并评估其对职业表现的影响。
2022年12月至2023年1月，对258名来自波兰的足球裁判进行了一项基于调查的研究。问卷评估了人口统计学数据、专业经验和饮食习惯，包括进餐频率、食物选择和水分补充情况。采用卡方检验进行统计分析，显著性水平设定为<0.05。
大多数裁判每天吃4-5餐（63.7%），但进餐时间不规律（45.2%）很常见，尤其是经验较少的裁判。水果和蔬菜的摄入量有限，存在显著的年龄差异。水分摄入总体充足，但比赛期间的补水策略各不相同。烹饪方式显示，油炸是首选（48.1%），这反映出对更健康替代方式的认识有限。饮食教育被强调为一项关键需求，尤其是在专业经验较少的裁判中。
研究结果清楚地表明，波兰足球裁判在进餐规律和健康烹饪方式方面存在明显不足。这些发现强调了需要有针对性的教育项目，以帮助改善这一群体的健康状况和职业表现，特别是在增加水果和蔬菜消费以及推广更健康的食品加工方法方面。
