Coelho Carol, Oliveira Diane, Branco Catarina, Gomes António Rui, Conceição Eva, Machado Paulo P P, Gonçalves Sónia
Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
Center for Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 24;17(3):427. doi: 10.3390/nu17030427.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Athletes are particularly vulnerable to developing eating disorders, which can negatively impact both health and athletic performance. The coach-athlete relationship plays a central role in athletes' development and well-being. However, little is known about how coaches' leadership styles relate to athletes' self-criticism and disordered eating. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the relationship between athletes' perceptions of their coach's leadership style and their own self-criticism and disordered eating.
A total of 150 athletes from team ball sports, aged 18 to 43 years (M = 25.0, SD = 6.0), completed self-report measures.
27.3% of the participants were at heightened risk of developing eating disorders, and 38.7% lacked access to nutritional or psychological support within their clubs. Significant positive associations were found between coaches' negative feedback style and athletes' self-criticism and disordered eating, and between passive management style and athletes' self-criticism and disordered eating. Moreover, athletes' self-criticism fully mediated the relationship between these leadership styles and athletes' disordered eating. Additionally, coaches' vision, inspiration, and individualization styles were related to decreased self-criticism in athletes.
Coaches' leadership styles are significantly related to athletes' psychological and nutritional health. This research has important implications for promoting healthier practices in sports settings.
背景/目的：运动员特别容易患上饮食失调症，这会对健康和运动表现产生负面影响。教练与运动员的关系在运动员的发展和幸福中起着核心作用。然而，对于教练的领导风格如何与运动员的自我批评和饮食失调相关，我们知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在评估运动员对教练领导风格的认知与他们自己的自我批评和饮食失调之间的关系。
共有150名来自团队球类运动的运动员，年龄在18至43岁之间（M = 25.0，SD = 6.0），完成了自我报告测量。
27.3%的参与者有发展为饮食失调症的高风险，38.7%的参与者在其俱乐部中无法获得营养或心理支持。在教练的负面反馈风格与运动员的自我批评和饮食失调之间，以及被动管理风格与运动员的自我批评和饮食失调之间，发现了显著的正相关。此外，运动员的自我批评完全中介了这些领导风格与运动员饮食失调之间的关系。此外，教练的愿景、激励和个性化风格与运动员自我批评的减少有关。
教练的领导风格与运动员的心理和营养健康显著相关。本研究对于在体育环境中促进更健康的做法具有重要意义。
