Liu Wenhao, Wang Wenzhuang, Yang Shangjian
College of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
School of Health Care Security, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jan 16;13:1100645. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1100645. eCollection 2022.
Based on human motivation theory and self-determination theory, this study investigated the impact of coaches' transformational leadership on athletes' well-being, and the influences of gender and athletes' basic psychological needs. The survey objects comprised of 432 athletes participating in the Hebei Games in China. The results showed that coaches' transformational leadership could significantly and positively predict athletes' well-being. Basic psychological needs had a mediating effect on the relationship between coaches' transformational leadership and athletes' well-being. Gender significantly moderated the effect between athletes' basic psychological needs satisfaction and subjective well-being. Compared with male athletes, female athletes had their basic psychological needs met, and the improvement in their well-being was more significant than the males. Coaches should adapt their transformational leadership to directly improve athletes' well-being and indirectly achieve their well-being by satisfying the athletes' basic psychological needs.
基于人类动机理论和自我决定理论，本研究调查了教练的变革型领导对运动员幸福感的影响，以及性别和运动员基本心理需求的影响。调查对象包括432名参加中国河北省运动会的运动员。结果表明，教练的变革型领导能够显著且正向地预测运动员的幸福感。基本心理需求在教练的变革型领导与运动员幸福感之间的关系中起中介作用。性别显著调节了运动员基本心理需求满意度与主观幸福感之间的效应。与男运动员相比，女运动员的基本心理需求得到满足时，其幸福感的提升比男运动员更显著。教练应调整其变革型领导方式，以直接提高运动员的幸福感，并通过满足运动员的基本心理需求间接实现其幸福感。
