Kalisz Grzegorz, Popiolek-Kalisz Joanna
Department of Bioanalytics, Chair of Dietetics and Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Clinical Dietetics, Chair of Dietetics and Bioanalytics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 7 St., 20-090 Lublin, Poland.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Feb 3;17(3):405. doi: 10.3390/polym17030405.
Cardiovascular risk is a clinical factor that represents the probability of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This risk is shaped by non-modifiable and modifiable factors, including dietary patterns, which are the main lifestyle factor influencing CVD. Dietary polysaccharides, integral to nutrition, have varying effects on cardiovascular health depending on their type and source. They include starches, non-starch polysaccharides, and prebiotic fibers, categorized further into soluble and insoluble fibers. Soluble fibers, found in oats, legumes, and fruits, dissolve in water, forming gels that help lower serum cholesterol and modulate blood glucose levels. Insoluble fibers, present in whole grains and vegetables, aid in bowel regularity. The cardiovascular benefits of polysaccharides are linked to their ability to bind bile acids, reducing cholesterol levels, and the production of short-chain fatty acids by gut microbiota, which have anti-inflammatory properties. However, not all polysaccharides are beneficial; refined starches can lead to adverse metabolic effects, and chitosan to mixed effects on gut microbiota. This review examines the dualistic nature of polysaccharides, highlighting their beneficial roles in reducing cardiovascular risk factors and the potential adverse effects of specific types.
心血管风险是一种临床因素，代表患心血管疾病（CVDs）的概率。这种风险由不可改变和可改变的因素决定，包括饮食模式，饮食模式是影响心血管疾病的主要生活方式因素。膳食多糖是营养的重要组成部分，根据其类型和来源，对心血管健康有不同影响。它们包括淀粉、非淀粉多糖和益生元纤维，进一步分为可溶性纤维和不溶性纤维。存在于燕麦、豆类和水果中的可溶性纤维可溶于水，形成有助于降低血清胆固醇和调节血糖水平的凝胶。存在于全谷物和蔬菜中的不溶性纤维有助于保持肠道规律。多糖对心血管的益处与其结合胆汁酸、降低胆固醇水平的能力以及肠道微生物群产生具有抗炎特性的短链脂肪酸有关。然而，并非所有多糖都是有益的；精制淀粉会导致不良代谢影响，而壳聚糖对肠道微生物群有混合影响。本综述探讨了多糖的双重性质，强调了它们在降低心血管风险因素方面的有益作用以及特定类型多糖的潜在不良影响。
