Anaya-Ambriz Elsa J, Alvarez-Zavala Monserrat, González-Hernández Luz A, Andrade-Villanueva Jaime F, Zuñiga-Quiñones Sergio, Valle-Rodríguez Adriana, Holguin-Aguirre Tania E, Sánchez-Reyes Karina
Programa de Doctorado en Microbiología Médica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico.
Departamento de Clínicas Médicas, Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44350, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jan 22;26(3):914. doi: 10.3390/ijms26030914.
People Living with HIV (PLWHIV) present an increased risk of developing non-communicable diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), making it crucial to optimize glycemic control and assess metabolic markers. HbA1c is considered the gold standard for evaluating glycemic control, while fructosamine (FA) offers advantages in assessing non-glycemic determinants. Discrepancies between HbA1c and FA are common and may be influenced by temporal factors. The Glycation Gap (G-gap) emerges as a tool to clarify these discrepancies. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted involving PLWHIV with various glycemic statuses, as well as patients with T2D and controls. Sociodemographic data were collected along with blood samples to measure biochemical profiles and FA. HbA1c predicted from FA (pHbA1c) was calculated using a linear regression equation, facilitating G-gap determination. A positive correlation was found between G-gap and levels of VLDL-C and triglycerides (TG). Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between HDL-C levels < 40 mg/dL and a positive G-gap. These associations suggest that the G-gap may be a useful tool for metabolic evaluation in PLWHIV and a preventive method for identifying individuals at risk of developing chronic complications related to T2D.
人类免疫缺陷病毒感染者（PLWHIV）患2型糖尿病（T2D）等非传染性疾病的风险增加，因此优化血糖控制和评估代谢指标至关重要。糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）被认为是评估血糖控制的金标准，而果糖胺（FA）在评估非血糖决定因素方面具有优势。HbA1c和FA之间的差异很常见，可能受时间因素影响。糖化差距（G-gap）成为一种澄清这些差异的工具。对不同血糖状态的PLWHIV以及T2D患者和对照组进行了一项横断面分析研究。收集了社会人口统计学数据以及血样，以测量生化指标和FA。使用线性回归方程计算从FA预测的HbA1c（pHbA1c），便于确定G-gap。发现G-gap与极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（VLDL-C）和甘油三酯（TG）水平呈正相关。此外，观察到高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）水平<40mg/dL与正G-gap之间呈负相关。这些关联表明，G-gap可能是PLWHIV代谢评估的有用工具，也是识别有发生与T2D相关慢性并发症风险个体的预防方法。
