Aquino-Blanco Andrea, Jiménez-López Estela, Victoria-Montesinos Desirée, Gutiérrez-Espinoza Héctor, Olivares-Arancibia Jorge, Yañéz-Sepúlveda Rodrigo, Martín-Calvo Nerea, López-Gil José Francisco
Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Foods. 2025 Jan 27;14(3):414. doi: 10.3390/foods14030414.
Food insecurity is a growing public health concern, particularly among vulnerable groups such as adolescents, and it has been linked to poor nutritional outcomes and increased risk of chronic diseases. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is recognized for its numerous health benefits, yet few studies have explored the association between food insecurity and adherence to the MedDiet among adolescents, especially in Mediterranean regions.
This study aimed to investigate the association between food insecurity and adherence to the MedDiet in a sample of adolescents from Spain.
Data were acquired from 2021-2022 school years from adolescents aged 12-17 years enrolled in different secondary schools in , Region of Murcia, Spain. Food security was assessed via the Spanish Child Food Security Survey Module (CFSSM-S), and adherence to the MedDiet was assessed via the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for Children and Adolescents (KIDMED). A total of 836 participants were involved, and statistical analyses were conducted via linear regression models adjusted for lifestyle, anthropometric, and sociodemographic covariates.
After adjusting for potential confounders, the mean KIDMED score was 7.0 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7 to 7.2) in the food-security group, 6.8 (95% CI 6.3 to 7.3) in the low-security group, and 5.9 (95% CI 4.9 to 6.9) in the very-low-security group. Notable differences were observed between participants with food security and their counterparts with very low food security ( = 0.040). Compared with those with food security (57.2%, 95% CI 51.5% to 62.8%), a significantly greater likelihood of having nonoptimal adherence to the MedDiet was identified in adolescents with low food security (61.6%, 95% CI 50.4% to 71.8%) and in those with very low food security (77.4%, 95% CI 54.5% to 90.7%). We identified a significant difference only between adolescents with food security and their peers with very low food security ( = 0.036).
The findings suggest that very low food security negatively impacts MedDiet adherence in adolescents. Compared with their food-secure peers, adolescents with very low food security showed significantly poorer diet quality. These results highlight the importance of addressing food insecurity through low-cost, high-nutrition programs aimed at improving healthy eating habits, particularly for children and adolescents living in low-food-security households.
粮食不安全问题日益引起公众对健康的关注，尤其是在青少年等弱势群体中，并且它与不良的营养状况以及慢性病风险增加有关。地中海饮食因其众多健康益处而得到认可，但很少有研究探讨青少年粮食不安全与坚持地中海饮食之间的关联，尤其是在地中海地区。
本研究旨在调查西班牙青少年样本中粮食不安全与坚持地中海饮食之间的关联。
数据取自2021 - 2022学年西班牙穆尔西亚地区不同中学12 - 17岁的青少年。通过西班牙儿童粮食安全调查模块（CFSSM - S）评估粮食安全状况，通过儿童和青少年地中海饮食质量指数（KIDMED）评估对地中海饮食的坚持程度。共有836名参与者，通过针对生活方式、人体测量和社会人口统计学协变量进行调整的线性回归模型进行统计分析。
在对潜在混杂因素进行调整后，粮食安全组的平均KIDMED评分为7.0（95%置信区间[CI] 6.7至7.2），低安全组为6.8（95% CI 6.3至7.3），极低安全组为5.9（95% CI 4.9至6.9）。粮食安全的参与者与粮食安全极低的参与者之间观察到显著差异（P = 0.040）。与粮食安全的青少年（57.2%，95% CI 51.5%至62.8%）相比，粮食安全低的青少年（61.6%，95% CI 50.4%至71.8%）和粮食安全极低的青少年（77.4%，95% CI 54.5%至90.7%）对地中海饮食非最佳坚持的可能性显著更高。我们仅在粮食安全的青少年与其粮食安全极低的同龄人之间发现了显著差异（P = 0.036）。
研究结果表明，极低的粮食安全状况对青少年坚持地中海饮食有负面影响。与粮食安全的同龄人相比，粮食安全极低的青少年饮食质量明显较差。这些结果凸显通过低成本、高营养的项目解决粮食不安全问题的重要性，这些项目旨在改善健康饮食习惯，特别是对于生活在粮食安全水平低的家庭中的儿童和青少年。
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