Danila Alexandra Ioana, Breban-Schwarzkopf Daniel, Daescu Ecaterina, Olariu Iustin, Dinu Stefania
Department of Anatomy and Embriology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania.
Department of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, "Vasile Goldis" Western University of Arad, 310048 Arad, Romania.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Feb 6;18(3):721. doi: 10.3390/ma18030721.
The use of stereolithographic (SLA) 3D printing technology in dentistry has expanded, particularly for the fabrication of provisional dental restorations. Understanding the mechanical properties and quality of SLA 3D-printed materials is essential to ensure clinical success and patient safety. This systematic review aims to critically evaluate and summarize the available evidence on the mechanical properties and quality of SLA 3D-printed materials.
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science up to October 2024. Studies comparing the mechanical properties of SLA 3D-printed provisional restoration materials with those of milled, conventional, or other additive manufacturing methods were included. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria. Data on flexural strength, hardness, fracture resistance, surface roughness, marginal adaptation, accuracy, cement film thickness, shear bond strength, and biofilm formation were extracted and analyzed.
The findings from the included studies indicate that SLA 3D-printed materials exhibit varied mechanical properties. Some studies reported that SLA 3D-printed resins had significantly lower flexural strength and hardness compared to milled PMMA and bis-acrylic resins. Other studies found that SLA 3D-printed resins showed clinically acceptable marginal adaptation, surface roughness, and fracture strength comparable to those fabricated by subtractive manufacturing and conventional methods. In terms of accuracy, build orientation influenced the dimensional accuracy of SLA-printed restorations. Studies assessing cement film thickness found that SLA-printed provisional restorations had higher cement film thickness compared to other materials. Regarding repairability and fatigue resistance, limitations were observed in some SLA resins.
The mechanical properties and quality of SLA 3D-printed materials for provisional dental restorations vary among studies. While SLA technology holds promise for efficient fabrication of provisional restorations, inconsistencies in material properties suggest a need for further research to optimize materials and printing parameters. Standardization of protocols is necessary to ensure reliable clinical performance of SLA 3D-printed provisional restorations.
立体光刻（SLA）3D打印技术在牙科领域的应用不断扩大，特别是在临时牙修复体的制作方面。了解SLA 3D打印材料的机械性能和质量对于确保临床成功和患者安全至关重要。本系统评价旨在严格评估和总结关于SLA 3D打印材料机械性能和质量的现有证据。
截至2024年10月，在PubMed、Scopus、Embase、Cochrane和Web of Science中进行了全面的文献检索。纳入比较SLA 3D打印临时修复材料与铣削、传统或其他增材制造方法材料机械性能的研究。9项研究符合纳入标准。提取并分析了关于弯曲强度、硬度、抗断裂性、表面粗糙度、边缘适应性、精度、粘结剂膜厚度、剪切粘结强度和生物膜形成的数据。
纳入研究的结果表明，SLA 3D打印材料表现出不同的机械性能。一些研究报告称，与铣削的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）和双丙烯酸树脂相比，SLA 3D打印树脂的弯曲强度和硬度显著更低。其他研究发现，SLA 3D打印树脂的边缘适应性、表面粗糙度和断裂强度在临床上是可接受的，与减法制造和传统方法制作的相当。在精度方面，构建方向影响SLA打印修复体的尺寸精度。评估粘结剂膜厚度的研究发现，与其他材料相比，SLA打印的临时修复体的粘结剂膜厚度更高。关于可修复性和抗疲劳性，在一些SLA树脂中观察到局限性。
不同研究中用于临时牙修复的SLA 3D打印材料的机械性能和质量各不相同。虽然SLA技术有望高效制作临时修复体，但材料性能的不一致表明需要进一步研究以优化材料和打印参数。方案的标准化对于确保SLA 3D打印临时修复体可靠的临床性能是必要的。
