Varghese Ann, Liu Jie, Liu Bailang, Guo Wenjing, Dong Fan, Patterson Tucker A, Hong Huixiao
National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
Molecules. 2025 Jan 23;30(3):491. doi: 10.3390/molecules30030491.
The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has drastically reshaped global health and socioeconomic landscapes. The papain-like protease (PLpro) plays a critical role in viral polyprotein cleavage and immune evasion, making it a prime target for therapeutic intervention. Numerous compounds have been identified as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro, with many characterized through crystallographic studies. To date, over 70 three-dimensional (3D) structures of PLpro complexed ligands have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, offering valuable insight into ligand-binding features that could aid the discovery and development of effective COVID-19 treatments targeting PLpro. In this study, we reviewed and analyzed these 3D structures, focusing on the key residues involved in ligand interactions. Our analysis revealed that most inhibitors bind to PLpro's substrate recognition sites S3/S4 and SUb2. While these sites are highly attractive and have been extensively explored, other potential binding regions, such as SUb1 and the Zn(II) domain, are less explored and may hold untapped potential for future COVID-19 drug discovery and development. Our structural analysis provides insights into the molecular features of PLpro that could accelerate the development of novel therapeutics targeting this essential viral enzyme.
由新型冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2引发的COVID-19大流行,极大地重塑了全球健康和社会经济格局。木瓜蛋白酶样蛋白酶(PLpro)在病毒多蛋白切割和免疫逃逸中起关键作用,使其成为治疗干预的主要靶点。许多化合物已被鉴定为SARS-CoV-2 PLpro的抑制剂,其中许多已通过晶体学研究进行了表征。迄今为止,超过70种PLpro与配体复合物的三维(3D)结构已存入蛋白质数据库,为有助于发现和开发针对PLpro的有效COVID-19治疗方法的配体结合特征提供了有价值的见解。在本研究中,我们对这些3D结构进行了综述和分析,重点关注参与配体相互作用的关键残基。我们的分析表明,大多数抑制剂与PLpro的底物识别位点S3/S4和SUb2结合。虽然这些位点极具吸引力且已被广泛研究,但其他潜在的结合区域,如SUb1和锌(II)结构域,研究较少,可能在未来COVID-19药物发现和开发中具有未开发的潜力。我们的结构分析为PLpro的分子特征提供了见解,这可能会加速针对这种重要病毒酶的新型疗法的开发。