El-Tarabili Reham M, Enany Mohamed E, Alenzi Asma Massad, Almessiry Bian K, Alghamdi Saad, Kabrah Ahmed, Ghobashy Madeha O I, Abdelrahman Nada A, Youssef Fatma M, Algammal Abdelazeem M
Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
Sci Rep. 2025 Feb 13;15(1):5348. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-89900-6.
Pasteurella multocida is incriminated in fowl cholera in poultry and snuffles in rabbits, causing significant economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence, kmt1 gene sequencing, antibiogram, pathogenicity, and PCR detection of the virulence and resistance genes of P. multocida recovered from chickens, ducks, and rabbits. Approximately 150 samples were collected from diseased chickens, ducks, and rabbits (50 for each) from commercial farms in Ismailia government, Egypt. The collected samples were bacteriologically examined, and the recovered isolates were subsequently subjected to kmt1 gene sequencing, antibiogram, pathogenicity test, and PCR-based detection of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. The overall prevalence of P. multocida was 20% (30/150). The highest prevalence was recorded in rabbits (24%; 12/50), followed by ducks (20%; 10/50) and chickens (16%; 8/50). The lung was the most predominant infected organ. Moreover, the kmt1 phylogenetic analysis emphasized that the tested P. multocida strains presented remarkable genetic identity with other P. multocida strains from the USA, Denmark, China, India, and Iran. Chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin exhibited promising results in treating P. multocida. Moreover, the prevalence of oma87, ptfA, luxS, tadG, and nanB virulence genes was 100%, 86.7%, 76.6%, 73.3%, and 56.7% respectively. Herein, 13.3% of the tested strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR) to 5 antibiotic classes and carried bla and tetH genes. Besides, 10% of the tested P. multocida strains were extensively drug resistant (XDR) to 7 antibiotic classes and harbored the bla, tetH, and ermX genes. Moreover, 10% of the recovered P. multocida strains were MDR to 5 antibiotic classes and had tetH and ermX genes. Pathogenicity test revealed that the mortality rate was 20% at 1 day post-infection, reaching its highest point (100%) at 2 days post-infection. Briefly, this study highlights the occurrence of MDR and XDR P. multocida in domestic birds and rabbits, revealing a public health threat. The oma87, ptfA, luxS, and tadG virulence genes and the bla, tetH, and ermX antibiotic resistance genes are usually associated with emerging MDR P. multocida strains.
多杀性巴氏杆菌可引发家禽霍乱和兔传染性鼻炎，给全球家禽业造成重大经济损失。本研究调查了从鸡、鸭和兔中分离出的多杀性巴氏杆菌的流行情况、kmt1基因测序、抗菌谱、致病性以及毒力和耐药基因的PCR检测。从埃及伊斯梅利亚省商业养殖场的患病鸡、鸭和兔中采集了约150份样本（每种动物50份）。对采集的样本进行细菌学检查，随后对分离出的菌株进行kmt1基因测序、抗菌谱分析、致病性试验以及基于PCR的毒力和抗生素耐药基因检测。多杀性巴氏杆菌的总体流行率为20%（30/150）。兔中的流行率最高（24%；12/50），其次是鸭（20%；10/50）和鸡（16%；8/50）。肺是最主要的感染器官。此外，kmt1系统发育分析强调，所检测的多杀性巴氏杆菌菌株与来自美国、丹麦、中国、印度和伊朗的其他多杀性巴氏杆菌菌株具有显著的基因同一性。氯霉素和环丙沙星在治疗多杀性巴氏杆菌方面显示出良好效果。此外，oma87、ptfA、luxS、tadG和nanB毒力基因的流行率分别为100%、86.7%、76.6%、73.3%和56.7%。在此，13.3%的检测菌株对5类抗生素具有多重耐药性（MDR），并携带bla和tetH基因。此外，10%的检测多杀性巴氏杆菌菌株对7类抗生素具有广泛耐药性（XDR），并携带bla、tetH和ermX基因。此外，10%的分离多杀性巴氏杆菌菌株对5类抗生素具有MDR，且具有tetH和ermX基因。致病性试验显示，感染后1天死亡率为20%，感染后2天达到最高点（100%）。简而言之，本研究突出了家鸟和兔中MDR和XDR多杀性巴氏杆菌的出现，揭示了对公共卫生的威胁。oma87、ptfA、luxS和tadG毒力基因以及bla、tetH和ermX抗生素耐药基因通常与新兴的MDR多杀性巴氏杆菌菌株相关。
