Dénes Lilla, Albert Mihály, Igriczi Barbara, Balka Gyula
Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, István Str. 2., Budapest, 1078, Hungary.
CEVA-Phylaxia (Ceva Sante Animale), Szállás Str. 5., Budapest, 1107, Hungary.
Porcine Health Manag. 2025 Feb 14;11(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s40813-024-00416-3.
Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPeV), also known as Pestivirus scrofae, is a member of the Pestivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family. Experimental infections have directly linked APPeV to congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in congenitally infected piglets born to challenged sows. Here, we report the assessment of the prevalence of APPeV in Hungarian pig herds and the influence of different sample types on detection rates.
Altogether, 2650 blood serum, 198 oral fluid and 163 processing fluid samples were obtained via a systemic approach from 26 Hungarian farms and one Slovakian farm. The samples originated from different age groups and were analyzed via reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The estimated prevalence of APPeV was determined to be 66.67% in the sampled farms, indicating the widespread distribution of the virus within Hungary. Within the positive farms, APPeV genetic material was detected in the serum (21%), processing fluid (57%), and oral fluid (72%) samples. Notably, in some farms, the presence of APPeV was confirmed in only specific sample types, and five farms had APPeV in all three sample types. Age group analysis revealed that 10-week-old animals had the highest positivity rate in their blood serum (27%), whereas 20-week-old animals presented the highest rate in their oral fluid samples (59%). Processing fluid and oral fluid samples proved to be valuable for noninvasive diagnostic matrices, allowing for efficient population-level virus detection. We determined the partial NS2-3 coding region of 15 Hungarian strains and a Slovakian strain, and our phylogenetic analysis revealed that very similar strains can be found on different farms.
In conclusion, our study provides insights into APPeV prevalence in Hungarian pig herds, emphasizing the importance of different sample types for accurate diagnostics. These findings contribute to our understanding of the virus's distribution across different age groups.
非典型猪瘟病毒（APPeV），也称为猪瘟病毒，是黄病毒科瘟病毒属的成员。实验感染已直接将APPeV与受感染母猪所产先天性感染仔猪的A-II型先天性震颤（CT）联系起来。在此，我们报告匈牙利猪群中APPeV的流行率评估以及不同样本类型对检测率的影响。
通过系统方法从26个匈牙利农场和1个斯洛伐克农场共采集了2650份血清、198份口腔液和163份加工液样本。样本来自不同年龄组，并通过逆转录定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）进行分析。在抽样农场中，APPeV的估计流行率为66.67%，表明该病毒在匈牙利广泛分布。在阳性农场中，血清（21%）、加工液（57%）和口腔液（72%）样本中检测到APPeV遗传物质。值得注意的是，在一些农场中，仅在特定样本类型中确认存在APPeV，有5个农场在所有三种样本类型中均检测到APPeV。年龄组分析显示，10周龄动物血清中的阳性率最高（27%），而20周龄动物口腔液样本中的阳性率最高（59%）。加工液和口腔液样本被证明是用于非侵入性诊断的有价值样本，可实现高效的群体水平病毒检测。我们测定了15株匈牙利毒株和1株斯洛伐克毒株的部分NS2-3编码区，系统发育分析表明在不同农场可发现非常相似的毒株。
总之，我们的研究提供了关于匈牙利猪群中APPeV流行情况的见解，强调了不同样本类型对准确诊断的重要性。这些发现有助于我们了解该病毒在不同年龄组中的分布情况。
