Mammal Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Białowieża, Poland.
Department of Forensic Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2021 May 6;11(1):9680. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88991-1.
The wild boar Sus scrofa is one of the widely spread ungulate species in Europe, yet the origin and genetic structure of the population inhabiting Central and Eastern Europe are not well recognized. We analysed 101 newly obtained sequences of complete mtDNA genomes and 548 D-loop sequences of the species and combined them with previously published data. We identified five phylogenetic clades in Europe with clear phylogeographic pattern. Two of them occurred mainly in western and central part of the continent, while the range of the third clade covered North-Eastern, Central and South-Eastern Europe. The two other clades had rather restricted distribution. In Central Europe, we identified a contact zone of three mtDNA clades. Population genetic structure reflected clear phylogeographic pattern of wild boar in this part of Europe. The contribution of lineages originating from the southern (Dinaric-Balkan) and eastern (northern cost of the Black Sea) areas to the observed phylogeographic pattern of the species in Central and Eastern Europe was larger than those from the regions located in southern France, Iberian, and Italian Peninsulas. The present work was the first mitogenomic analysis conducted in Central and Eastern Europe to study genetic diversity and structure of wild boar population.
野猪（Sus scrofa）是欧洲广泛分布的有蹄类物种之一，但栖息在中欧和东欧的野猪种群的起源和遗传结构尚不清楚。我们分析了 101 个新获得的完整线粒体基因组序列和 548 个物种的 D 环序列，并将其与之前发表的数据相结合。我们在欧洲确定了五个具有明显系统地理学模式的系统发育分支。其中两个主要分布在欧洲中西部，而第三个分支的分布范围则涵盖了东欧、中欧和东南欧。另外两个分支的分布范围较为有限。在中欧，我们确定了三个线粒体分支的接触区。种群遗传结构反映了中欧野猪的明显系统地理学模式。来自南部（迪纳里克-巴尔干）和东部（黑海北部沿岸）地区的血统对中欧和东欧野猪观察到的系统地理学模式的贡献大于来自法国南部、伊比利亚半岛和意大利半岛的血统。本研究是首次在中欧和东欧进行的线粒体基因组分析，旨在研究野猪种群的遗传多样性和结构。
