Enhancing recombinant growth factor and serum protein production for cultivated meat manufacturing.

The commercial growth factors (GFs) and serum proteins (SPs) contribute to the high cost associated with the serum-free media for cultivated meat production. Producing recombinant GFs and SPs in scale from microbial cell factories can reduce the cost of culture media. Escherichia coli is a frequently employed host in the expression recombinant GFs and SPs. This review explores critical strategies for cost reduction in GFs and SPs production, focusing on yield enhancement, product improvement, purification innovation, and process innovation. Firstly, the review discusses the use of fusion tags to increase the solubility and yield of GFs & SPs, highlighting various studies that have successfully employed these tags for yield enhancement. We then explore how tagging strategies can streamline and economize the purification process, further reducing production costs. Additionally, we address the challenge of low half-life in GFs and SPs and propose potential strategies that can enhance their stability. Furthermore, improvements in the E. coli chassis and cell engineering strategies are also described, with an emphasis on the key areas that can improve yield and identify areas for cost minimization. Finally, we discuss key bioprocessing areas which can facilitate easier scale-up, enhance yield, titer, and productivity, and ultimately lower long-term production costs. It is crucial to recognize that not all suggested approaches can be applied simultaneously, as their relevance varies with different GFs and SPs. However, integrating of multiple strategies is anticipated to yield a cumulative effect, significantly reducing production costs. This collective effort is expected to substantially decrease the price of cultivated meat, contributing to the broader goal of developing sustainable and affordable meat.