Leeson Cale, Vigil Humberto, Witherspoon Luke
Urology resident in the Division of Urology at the University of Ottawa in Ontario.
Urologist and Assistant Professor in the Division of Urology at the University of Ottawa.
Can Fam Physician. 2025 Feb;71(2):97-102. doi: 10.46747/cfp.710297.
To highlight the escalating need for enhanced education on foreskin care among patients and health care providers, particularly as neonatal circumcision rates decline.
This review is based on findings from a MEDLINE database search of the literature on care of the penile foreskin, foreskin complications, and their management. Articles were reviewed for relevance and quality of evidence was provided with the level of evidence in parentheses throughout the review. When available, evidence from systematic reviews, relevant clinical guidelines, and randomized controlled trials were incorporated. In the absence of high-level evidence, expert opinion on the topic was provided.
As neonatal circumcision rates decline, the importance of educating patients on proper foreskin care becomes increasingly vital to avoid complications later in life. This review highlights the role of primary care providers as crucial resources for patient education. Based on the available evidence, the following are reviewed: rates of circumcision in Canada and current circumcision practices; recommendations for routine foreskin care; and common preputial complications including urinary tract infections, pathologic phimosis, balanoposthitis, penile lichen sclerosus (balanitis xerotica obliterans), and penile cancer.
This review explored current trends and practices in circumcision, routine foreskin care, and common complications seen in uncircumcised patients. There is a need for education that extends to allied health professionals working with patients in health care facilities. Primary care providers have an important role in facilitating education for patients and providing recommendations on proper penile hygiene.
强调患者及医疗服务提供者对加强包皮护理教育的需求不断增加，尤其是在新生儿包皮环切率下降的情况下。
本综述基于对MEDLINE数据库中有关阴茎包皮护理、包皮并发症及其处理的文献检索结果。对文章进行相关性审查，并在综述中全程用括号注明证据水平以提供证据质量。如有可用的系统评价、相关临床指南和随机对照试验的证据，则纳入其中。在缺乏高级别证据时，提供关于该主题的专家意见。
随着新生儿包皮环切率下降，对患者进行适当包皮护理教育的重要性对于避免日后生活中的并发症变得越来越重要。本综述强调了初级保健提供者作为患者教育关键资源的作用。基于现有证据，对以下内容进行了审查：加拿大的包皮环切率及当前的包皮环切做法；常规包皮护理的建议；以及常见的包皮并发症，包括尿路感染、病理性包茎、龟头炎、阴茎硬化性苔藓（闭塞性干燥性龟头炎）和阴茎癌。
本综述探讨了包皮环切、常规包皮护理以及未行包皮环切患者中常见并发症的当前趋势和做法。需要对在医疗机构与患者打交道的相关卫生专业人员进行教育。初级保健提供者在促进患者教育并提供适当阴茎卫生建议方面发挥着重要作用。
