Rodríguez-Tamez Giselle, Maskan-Bermudez Narges, Tosti Antonella
Dermatology Department, University Hospital "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Francisco I. Madero y Av. Gonzalitos S/N, Mitras Centro, 64460, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital South Bldg. Suites K-M, 1295 NW 14Th St, Miami, FL, 33125, USA.
Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2025 Mar;15(3):635-645. doi: 10.1007/s13555-025-01359-5. Epub 2025 Feb 19.
Alopecia areata incognita (AAI) represents a distinct subtype of alopecia areata (AA), characterized by profound hair shedding and diffuse thinning. Despite being initially described in 1987, AAI remains underdiagnosed, with limited published reports. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate the current evidence concerning AAI pathogenesis, clinical presentation, trichoscopic and histopathologic attributes, differential diagnoses, and available treatment modalities.
PubMed searches were performed to identify all articles discussing AAI published up to September 2024.
We identified 28 articles encompassing AAI epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, trichoscopic findings, histopathologic characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment options.
The data primarily stem from observational studies, case reports, case series, and a pilot study. The establishment of diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols necessitates more extensive and well-controlled studies.
Alopecia areata incognita is a distinctive form of AA, sharing similarities with telogen effluvium (TE) and showing potential associations with androgenetic alopecia (AGA). It has an acute onset and results in sudden diffuse hair loss. While diagnostic challenges persist, combining clinical, trichoscopic, and histopathologic evaluations aids in accurate identification. AAI typically responds favorably to topical steroids and has a better prognosis than other subtypes of AA.
隐匿性斑秃（AAI）是斑秃（AA）的一种独特亚型，其特征为严重脱发和弥漫性头发稀疏。尽管AAI于1987年首次被描述，但仍诊断不足，已发表的报告有限。本综述旨在整合有关AAI发病机制、临床表现、毛发镜和组织病理学特征、鉴别诊断及现有治疗方式的当前证据。
通过PubMed检索，以识别截至2024年9月发表的所有讨论AAI的文章。
我们识别出28篇涵盖AAI流行病学、发病机制、临床表现、毛发镜检查结果、组织病理学特征、诊断及治疗选择的文章。
数据主要来源于观察性研究、病例报告、病例系列和一项初步研究。诊断标准和治疗方案的制定需要更广泛且严格对照的研究。
隐匿性斑秃是斑秃的一种独特形式，与休止期脱发（TE）有相似之处，并显示出与雄激素性脱发（AGA）的潜在关联。它起病急，导致突然弥漫性脱发。虽然诊断仍存在挑战，但结合临床、毛发镜和组织病理学评估有助于准确识别。AAI通常对局部类固醇治疗反应良好，且预后比其他斑秃亚型更好。
