Alessandrini A, Bruni F, Piraccini B M, Starace M
Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021 Mar;35(3):629-640. doi: 10.1111/jdv.17079. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
The field of hair disorders is constantly growing. The most important hair diseases are divided in non- cicatricial and cicatricial ones. Non-cicatricial alopecia are more frequent than cicatricial alopecia. The first step is to obtain a good history and physical examination. Laboratory testing is often unnecessary, while trichoscopy is fundamental for all hair diseases. Scalp biopsy is strongly suggested in cicatricial alopecia and in doubtful cases. Androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, trichotillomania are common causes of non- cicatricial alopecia. Frontal fibrosing alopecia, discoid lupus erythematosus, lichen planopilaris, follicullitis decalvans are some of the most common forms of cicatricial hair loss. Many treatments are available, and a prompt diagnosis is very important for the prognosis.
毛发疾病领域在不断发展。最重要的毛发疾病分为非瘢痕性和瘢痕性两类。非瘢痕性脱发比瘢痕性脱发更为常见。第一步是获取详细的病史并进行体格检查。实验室检查通常不必要，而毛发镜检查对所有毛发疾病都至关重要。对于瘢痕性脱发和疑难病例，强烈建议进行头皮活检。雄激素性脱发、斑秃、休止期脱发、拔毛癖是导致非瘢痕性脱发的常见原因。额部纤维性脱发、盘状红斑狼疮、扁平苔藓性毛囊炎、脱发性毛囊炎是瘢痕性脱发的一些最常见形式。有多种治疗方法可供选择，及时诊断对预后非常重要。
