Ghose Sonia L, Eisen Jonathan A
Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
bioRxiv. 2025 Feb 8:2025.02.05.636728. doi: 10.1101/2025.02.05.636728.
The amphibian skin microbiome is an important line of defense against pathogens including the deadly chytrid fungus, (). Intra-species variation in disease susceptibility and intra-individual variation in infection distribution across the skin, therefore, may relate to differences in skin microbiomes. However, characterization of microbiome variation within and among amphibian individuals is needed. We utilized 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to compare microbiomes of ten body regions from nine captive individuals and their tank environments. While frogs harbored distinct microbial communities compared to their tank environments, tank identity was associated with more variation in frog microbiomes than individual frog identity. Within individuals, we detected differences between microbiomes of body regions where infection would be expected compared to regions that infrequently experience infection. Notably, the bacterial families Burkholderiaceae (phylum Proteobacteria) and Rubritaleaceae (phylum Verrucomicrobia) were dominant on frog skin, and the relative abundances of undescribed members of these families were important to describing differences among and within individuals. Two undescribed Burkholderiaceae taxa were found to be putatively -inhibitory, and both showed higher relative abundance on body regions where infection is often localized. These findings highlight the importance of considering intrapopulation and intraindividual heterogeneities, which could provide insights relevant to predicting localized interactions with pathogens.
两栖动物的皮肤微生物群是抵御包括致命壶菌在内的病原体的重要防线。因此，种内疾病易感性差异以及个体内感染在皮肤表面分布的差异可能与皮肤微生物群的差异有关。然而，需要对两栖动物个体内部和个体之间的微生物群变异进行表征。我们利用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序来比较9只圈养个体的10个身体部位及其饲养箱环境中的微生物群。与饲养箱环境相比，青蛙拥有独特的微生物群落，但饲养箱的特性对青蛙微生物群变异的影响大于青蛙个体本身的特性。在个体内部，我们检测到预期会发生感染的身体部位的微生物群与很少发生感染的部位的微生物群之间存在差异。值得注意的是，伯克霍尔德菌科（变形菌门）和红蝽菌科（疣微菌门）在青蛙皮肤上占主导地位，这些科中未描述成员的相对丰度对于描述个体之间和个体内部的差异很重要。发现两个未描述的伯克霍尔德菌科分类群可能具有抑制作用，并且在感染常发生的身体部位相对丰度更高。这些发现突出了考虑种群内和个体内异质性的重要性，这可能为预测与病原体的局部相互作用提供相关见解。
