Chitinase-3 like-protein-1 (CHI3L1) is a protein involved in various pathological conditions, including infectious, allergic, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. In the central nervous system, glial cells, especially activated astrocytes, are the primary sources of CHI3L1 synthesis and secretion. In neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, elevated levels of CHI3L1 are correlated with greater cognitive decline and neuroinflammation. Regarding stroke, CHI3L1 is a relevant biomarker associated with an increased risk of adverse events and mortality, particularly in patients with elevated levels following the onset of symptoms. Overall, the presence of CHI3L1 may reflect disease severity and aid in predicting outcomes. This narrative review explores the potential role of CHI3L1 in neurological diseases, with an emphasis on stroke, and it may contribute to guiding the development of effective inhibitors, which could be an attractive therapeutic approach for treating this condition.