Ortlund Kaegan, Chandler Madeline, Dunlop Anne L, Barr Dana Boyd, Ryan P Barry, Liang Donghai, Brennan Patricia A, Buhr Michelle, Corwin Elizabeth J, Panuwet Parinya, Lee Grace E, Eatman Jasmin, Tan Youran, Sehgal Neha, Eick Stephanie M
Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Environ Res. 2025 May 1;272:121172. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2025.121172. Epub 2025 Feb 19.
Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Existing disparities in exposure across populations highlight the need for identifying modifiable risk factors. Here, we investigated the determinants of serum levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in pregnant African American women (N = 54).
Concentrations of 2,2'4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ethe (BDE-99), 2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) were measured in first trimester maternal serum from a subset of women enrolled in the Atlanta African American Maternal Child Cohort. Home characteristics, cleaning behaviors, diet, and demographic information were collected via survey questionnaires. Associations between individual determinants and individual PBDE and OCP concentrations were assessed using linear regression.
Pregnant women who frequently ate red meat, cheese, milk, or yogurt had elevated levels of HCB and p,p'-DDE compared to those who ate these products less frequently (e.g., red meat: β=0.21; 95% CI=-0.07, 0.48 for p,p'-DDE), while pregnant women who reported living in apartments, homes ≥10 years old, or had couches ≥5 years old, had increased levels of PBDEs compared to reference groups. Pregnant women who vacuumed and cleaned their home more frequently showed decreased levels of PBDEs relative to reference groups (e.g., vacuuming: BDE-100 β= -0.81, 95% CI= -1.55, -0.06).
Our results illustrate modifiable determinants of PBDE and OCP exposures in pregnant women and emphasize the potential to reduce the body burden of these POPs both directly, by changing diet, residence, or home furnishings, and indirectly through cleaning methods.
孕期接触持久性有机污染物（POPs）与不良妊娠结局有关。不同人群在接触情况上存在的现有差异凸显了识别可改变风险因素的必要性。在此，我们调查了非裔美国孕妇（N = 54）血清中多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和有机氯农药（OCPs）水平的决定因素。
对参与亚特兰大非裔美国母婴队列研究的部分女性孕早期母血中2,2'4,4'-四溴二苯醚（BDE - 47）、2,2',4,4',5-五溴二苯醚（BDE - 99）、2,2',4,4',6-五溴二苯醚（BDE - 100）、六氯苯（HCB）和p,p'-二氯二苯二氯乙烯（p,p'-DDE）的浓度进行了测量。通过调查问卷收集家庭特征、清洁行为、饮食和人口统计学信息。使用线性回归评估个体决定因素与个体PBDE和OCP浓度之间的关联。
与较少食用红肉、奶酪、牛奶或酸奶的孕妇相比，经常食用这些食物的孕妇HCB和p,p'-DDE水平升高（例如，红肉：p,p'-DDE的β = 0.21；95%CI = -0.07, 0.48），而报告居住在公寓、房龄≥10年的房屋或沙发使用年限≥5年的孕妇，其PBDEs水平相对于参照组有所升高。与参照组相比，更频繁吸尘和清洁房屋的孕妇PBDEs水平降低（例如，吸尘：BDE - 100的β = -0.81，95%CI = -1.55, -0.06）。
我们的结果说明了孕妇PBDE和OCP暴露的可改变决定因素，并强调了通过改变饮食、居住环境或家居陈设直接减少这些POPs身体负担，以及通过清洁方法间接减少的潜力。
