饮食因素对产前全氟及多氟烷基物质暴露的影响。
Dietary predictors of prenatal per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances exposure.
机构信息
Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
出版信息
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2023 Jan;33(1):32-39. doi: 10.1038/s41370-021-00386-6. Epub 2021 Oct 6.
BACKGROUND
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are commonly detected in a variety of foods and food packaging materials. However, few studies have examined diet as a potential source of PFAS exposure during pregnancy. In the present cross-sectional study, we examined prenatal PFAS levels in relation to self-reported consumption of meats, dairy products, and processed foods during pregnancy.
METHODS
Participants were enrolled in the Chemicals in Our Bodies study, a demographically diverse pregnancy cohort in San Francisco, CA (N = 509). Diet was assessed using a self-reported interview questionnaire administered during the second trimester. Participants were asked on average how many times a day, week, or month they ate 11 different foods since becoming pregnant. Responses were categorized as at least once a week or less than once a week and foods were grouped into three categories: processed foods, dairy products, and meats. Twelve PFAS (ng/mL) were measured in second trimester serum samples. We investigated relationships between consumption of individual dairy products, meats, and processed foods and natural log-transformed PFAS using separate linear regression models adjusted for maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, and nativity.
RESULTS
Seven PFAS were detected in ≥65% of participants. Consumption of dairy milk and cheese at least once per week was moderately associated with elevated levels of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) relative to those who ate dairy products less than once week. The strongest associations observed were with PFDeA for dairy milk (β = 0.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02, 0.39) and PFNA for cheese (β = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.02, 0.41). Eating fish, poultry, and red meat at least once per week was associated with higher levels of perfluoroundecanoic acid, PFDeA, PFNA, and perflucorooctane sulfonic acid.
CONCLUSIONS
Results indicate that consumption of animal products may contribute to elevated prenatal PFAS levels.
背景
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）在各种食物和食品包装材料中普遍存在。然而，很少有研究探讨饮食作为怀孕期间 PFAS 暴露的潜在来源。在本横断面研究中，我们研究了孕妇自我报告的肉类、乳制品和加工食品的摄入与产前 PFAS 水平之间的关系。
方法
参与者被招募到加利福尼亚州旧金山的化学品在我们的身体研究中，这是一个人口统计学上多样化的妊娠队列（N=509）。在妊娠中期通过自我报告的访谈问卷评估饮食。参与者平均被问及自怀孕以来每天、每周或每月吃 11 种不同食物的次数。回答分为每周至少一次或每周不到一次，食物分为三类：加工食品、乳制品和肉类。在妊娠中期血清样本中测量了 12 种 PFAS（ng/mL）。我们使用单独的线性回归模型，根据母亲的年龄、教育、种族/民族和原籍国，调查了个别乳制品、肉类和加工食品的消费与自然对数转换的 PFAS 之间的关系。
结果
在≥65%的参与者中检测到七种 PFAS。与每周食用乳制品少于一次的参与者相比，每周至少食用一次牛奶和奶酪与全氟壬酸（PFNA）和全氟癸酸（PFDeA）水平升高中度相关。观察到的最强关联是牛奶的 PFDeA（β=0.2，95%置信区间[CI]=0.02，0.39）和奶酪的 PFNA（β=0.22，95%CI=0.02，0.41）。每周至少食用一次鱼类、家禽和红肉与全氟十一酸、PFDeA、PFNA 和全氟辛烷磺酸水平升高有关。
结论
结果表明，食用动物产品可能导致产前 PFAS 水平升高。
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