Jiang Zhimeng, Zhu Xingyu, Jiang Huixin, Zhao Donglin, Tian Jianwei
Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China.
Department of Gastroenterology, Air Force Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Feb 6;12:1467270. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1467270. eCollection 2025.
Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation of the airways. The association between nutritional status, inflammation, and asthma has been well-documented, yet the relationship between the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) and asthma remains unclear. This is a study to see whether there is a relationship between PNI and asthma prevalence.
The present study employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2017 and 2020, including a total of 7,869 adult participants were included in the analysis. Participants were categorized into four quartiles based on PNI levels. A multivariable regression model was employed for the purpose of evaluating the correlation between PNI and asthma. In order to ascertain the stability of the association across different populations, subgroup analyses were performed.
Higher PNI levels were significantly associated with lower asthma prevalence. In the complete adjusted model, each additional unit of PNI was associated with a 3% reduction in the prevalence of asthma [0.97 (0.95, 0.99)]. Trend analysis indicated a significant negative correlation between PNI and asthma ( for trend = 0.0041). Subgroup analyses showed a consistent negative association across different populations.
The findings of our study indicated that lower PNI values were linked to an elevated odds prevalence of asthma. Early nutritional intervention and inflammation management in high-risk populations with low PNI may reduce the incidence and severity of asthma. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm this relationship.
哮喘是一种以气道炎症为特征的慢性疾病。营养状况、炎症与哮喘之间的关联已有充分记录，但预后营养指数（PNI）与哮喘之间的关系仍不明确。本研究旨在探讨PNI与哮喘患病率之间是否存在关联。
本研究采用了2017年至2020年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）的数据，共有7869名成年参与者纳入分析。参与者根据PNI水平分为四个四分位数。采用多变量回归模型评估PNI与哮喘之间的相关性。为确定不同人群中这种关联的稳定性，进行了亚组分析。
较高的PNI水平与较低的哮喘患病率显著相关。在完全调整模型中，PNI每增加一个单位，哮喘患病率降低3%[0.97（0.95，0.99）]。趋势分析表明PNI与哮喘之间存在显著负相关（趋势检验P = 0.0041）。亚组分析显示不同人群中均存在一致的负相关。
我们的研究结果表明，较低的PNI值与哮喘患病率升高有关。对PNI较低的高危人群进行早期营养干预和炎症管理可能会降低哮喘的发病率和严重程度。未来需要进行前瞻性研究来证实这种关系。
