Tian Erkang, Luo Kaihui, Zhou Yimei, Jiang Fulin, Zhang Rongxiu, Liu Lisa, Zhao Hui, Hong Jiawei, Li Juan, Cheng Fangyuan
Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Chengdu Wuhou Heyan Yuese Dental Clinic, Chengdu, China.
Prog Orthod. 2025 Feb 21;26(1):6. doi: 10.1186/s40510-025-00554-6.
This study aims to evaluate the incidence of open gingival embrasures (OGES) after orthodontic treatment and analyze its correlation with various clinical and radiographic parameters.
We retrospectively analyzed 330 orthodontic patients at West China Hospital of Stomatology from 2016 to 2023, categorizing them into Non-OGES (200) and OGES (130) groups based on post-treatment OGES presence in the central incisor area. Basic information of patients, pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data were collected. Chi-square tests, two-sample t-tests, Welch's t-tests, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare differences in gender, initial age, treatment duration, and cephalometric and CBCT indicators between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was further employed to explore the clinical characteristics and cephalometric indicators of the study population.
Univariate analysis revealed that the occurrence of maxillary central incisor OGES was significantly correlated with gender, initial age, treatment duration, and related cephalometric and CBCT indicators (P < 0.05). Similarly, the occurrence of mandibular central incisor OGES was also significantly associated with gender, initial age, treatment duration, and specific cephalometric changes (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that the occurrence of maxillary central incisor OGES was significantly related to initial age, treatment duration, and the change in the U1-SN angle, while the occurrence of OGES in the mandibular central incisor area was mainly related to initial age and treatment duration.
Orthodontic treatment plans should consider a variety of influencing factors, including initial age, treatment duration, anterior tooth angle and position, root-bone relationship, and the distance from the anterior tooth contact point to the alveolar crest, to prevent or reduce the occurrence of OGES after orthodontic treatment, thereby improving patients' aesthetic outcomes and periodontal health.
本研究旨在评估正畸治疗后开放性牙龈间隙（OGES）的发生率，并分析其与各种临床和影像学参数的相关性。
我们回顾性分析了2016年至2023年在四川大学华西口腔医院接受正畸治疗的330例患者，根据中切牙区域治疗后是否存在OGES将其分为非OGES组（200例）和OGES组（130例）。收集患者的基本信息、治疗前后的头颅侧位片以及锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）数据。采用卡方检验、两样本t检验、Welch's t检验和Mann-Whitney U检验比较两组在性别、初始年龄、治疗时间以及头颅侧位片和CBCT指标方面的差异。进一步采用二元逻辑回归分析探讨研究人群的临床特征和头颅侧位片指标。
单因素分析显示，上颌中切牙OGES的发生与性别、初始年龄、治疗时间以及相关的头颅侧位片和CBCT指标显著相关（P < 0.05）。同样，下颌中切牙OGES的发生也与性别、初始年龄、治疗时间以及特定的头颅侧位片变化显著相关（P < 0.05）。二元逻辑回归分析表明，上颌中切牙OGES的发生与初始年龄、治疗时间以及U1-SN角的变化显著相关，而下颌中切牙区域OGES的发生主要与初始年龄和治疗时间有关。
正畸治疗计划应考虑多种影响因素，包括初始年龄、治疗时间、前牙角度和位置、牙根-骨关系以及前牙接触点到牙槽嵴的距离，以预防或减少正畸治疗后OGES的发生，从而改善患者的美观效果和牙周健康。
