Schwarting Marie, Wehrbein Heinrich, Schmidtmann Irene, Erbe Christina, Wriedt Susanne
Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center at the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center at the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany.
Clin Exp Dent Res. 2025 Feb;11(1):e70086. doi: 10.1002/cre2.70086.
The aim of this study was to investigate tooth development in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA).
A retrospective case-control study was carried out; 180 panoramic radiographs (OPGs) from non-syndromic patients (160 UCLP, 20 UCLA) treated at the University Medical Center Mainz (2019-2022) were analyzed. Patients were matched to a control group by calendar age, gender, and ethnicity. Inclusion criteria were verified through clinical data, photographs, and radiographs. No follow-up was conducted for this study.
The cleft group showed a significantly lower dental age compared to the control group (10.72 ± 2.65 vs. 11.41 ± 2.79; p = 0.017), with a mean difference of 0.69 years (95% CI: 0.13-1.25 years). Tooth development was slower on the cleft side (p = 0.001), and maxillary teeth lagged behind mandibular teeth (p < 0.001). The difference in the control group was somewhat smaller, with a mean difference of 0.11 degrees of mineralization in the control group compared to 0.25 degrees of mineralization in the cleft group. In UCLP patients, significant mineralization differences were noted for the lateral incisors (p = 0.004), the central incisor (p = 0.047), and canine (p = 0.030).
Patients with unilateral clefts show delayed tooth development and dental age, particularly in the affected quadrant. In everyday treatment, attention should be paid to a later start of orthodontic tooth movement to avoid damaging the slower developing roots.
本研究旨在调查单侧唇腭裂（UCLP）和单侧唇牙槽裂（UCLA）患者的牙齿发育情况。
开展一项回顾性病例对照研究；分析了美因茨大学医学中心（2019 - 2022年）治疗的非综合征患者的180张全景X线片（OPG）（160例UCLP，20例UCLA）。患者按年龄、性别和种族与对照组匹配。通过临床数据、照片和X线片核实纳入标准。本研究未进行随访。
与对照组相比，腭裂组的牙龄显著更低（10.72±2.65 vs. 11.41±2.79；p = 0.017），平均差异为0.69岁（95% CI：0.13 - 1.25岁）。腭裂侧的牙齿发育较慢（p = 0.001），上颌牙落后于下颌牙（p < 0.001）。对照组的差异较小，对照组矿化程度平均差异为0.11度，而腭裂组为0.25度。在UCLP患者中，侧切牙（p = 0.004）、中切牙（p = 0.047）和尖牙（p = 0.030）的矿化存在显著差异。
单侧腭裂患者的牙齿发育和牙龄延迟，尤其是在患侧象限。在日常治疗中，应注意正畸牙齿移动开始时间较晚，以避免损伤发育较慢的牙根。
