Baggiolini M, Schnyder J, Bretz U, Dewald B, Ruch W
Ciba Found Symp. 1979(75):105-21. doi: 10.1002/9780470720585.ch7.
Neutrophils and macrophages produce, store and release large amounts of various acid and neutral proteinases. The two main proteinases of neutrophils are elastase and cathepsin G. They are localized in the azurophil granules, together with proteinase 3 and the acid cathepsins B and D. In addition neutrophils contain collagenase in the specific granules, acid proteinases in the C-particles and plasminogen activator in organelles with the characteristics of secretory vesicles. The granule-bound proteinases are released during phagocytosis while plasminogen activator is apparently secreted. In macrophages, the acid hydrolases are bound to lysosomes while the neutral proteinases are confined to secretory vesicles. The main mechanism of enzyme release in macrophages is secretion. Lysosomal hydrolases are also released by phagocytosis. Enzyme secretion is a characteristic property of activated or inflammatory macrophages. Macrophages become activated after phagocytosis of certain particles and the metabolic burst appears to be an initial event in the activation process. The action of neutrophils and of purified elastase or plasmin on cartilage was tested. These experiments indicate that neutrophil-mediated degradation of cartilage proteoglycans is largely dependent on elastase.
中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞产生、储存并释放大量各种酸性和中性蛋白酶。中性粒细胞的两种主要蛋白酶是弹性蛋白酶和组织蛋白酶G。它们与蛋白酶3以及酸性组织蛋白酶B和D一起定位于嗜天青颗粒中。此外，中性粒细胞在特异性颗粒中含有胶原酶，在C颗粒中含有酸性蛋白酶，在具有分泌小泡特征的细胞器中含有纤溶酶原激活物。颗粒结合的蛋白酶在吞噬作用期间释放，而纤溶酶原激活物显然是分泌出来的。在巨噬细胞中，酸性水解酶与溶酶体结合，而中性蛋白酶则局限于分泌小泡。巨噬细胞中酶释放的主要机制是分泌。溶酶体水解酶也通过吞噬作用释放。酶分泌是活化或炎性巨噬细胞的一个特征性特性。巨噬细胞在吞噬某些颗粒后被激活，代谢爆发似乎是激活过程中的一个初始事件。测试了中性粒细胞以及纯化的弹性蛋白酶或纤溶酶对软骨的作用。这些实验表明，中性粒细胞介导的软骨蛋白聚糖降解在很大程度上依赖于弹性蛋白酶。
