Ruiz-Ranz Eva, Asín-Izquierdo Iván
Department of Education Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain.
Sports Med Health Sci. 2024 Oct 18;7(3):161-172. doi: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.10.003. eCollection 2025 May.
The mental health of adolescents is a priority for successful development. Physical activity (PA) and exercise can have effects on the mental health of adolescents. This review analysed the effect that physical exercise interventions can have on the mental health of healthy adolescents between 10 and 19 years of age. The search was carried out in four databases. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and SportDiscuss, were searched up to December 31, 2022, following the general model. Eleven studies were selected, with a total sample of 23 681 participants in 2 435 studies published in the last 5 years involving healthy adolescents. The search process and review of the articles was performed by independent expert investigators. The risk-of-bias and the methodological quality were analysed using the Cochrane scale. The limited and heterogeneous studies conducted so far do not clearly establish the benefits of PA on adolescents' mental health. However, some PA interventions seem to improve subjective well-being, self-esteem, physical and mental well-being, anxiety, lifestyle, emotional intelligence, depressive mood, and perceived benefit and confidence in healthy adolescents. It is important to design an effective and appropriate physical exercise programme that can be implemented for adolescents to achieve significant effects on their mental health. Studies that did not implement an appropriate exercise program with improvements in adolescent physical fitness showed no changes in psychological variables. Further research is needed to clearly establish that exercise programmes have positive effects on mental health in healthy adolescents.
青少年的心理健康是其成功发展的一个优先事项。身体活动（PA）和锻炼会对青少年的心理健康产生影响。本综述分析了体育锻炼干预措施对10至19岁健康青少年心理健康的影响。检索在四个数据库中进行。按照通用模式，对PubMed、科学网、Scopus和体育文献数据库进行检索，直至2022年12月31日。共筛选出11项研究，过去5年发表的涉及健康青少年的2435项研究中共有23681名参与者作为总样本。文章的检索过程和综述由独立的专家调查员进行。使用Cochrane量表分析偏倚风险和方法学质量。迄今为止进行的有限且异质性的研究并未明确证实身体活动对青少年心理健康的益处。然而，一些身体活动干预措施似乎能改善健康青少年的主观幸福感、自尊、身心健康、焦虑、生活方式、情商、抑郁情绪以及感知到的益处和信心。设计一个有效且合适的体育锻炼计划很重要，该计划可以针对青少年实施，以对他们的心理健康产生显著影响。那些没有实施适当锻炼计划且青少年身体素质未得到改善的研究表明心理变量没有变化。需要进一步研究以明确证实锻炼计划对健康青少年的心理健康有积极影响。
