Rico-González Markel, González-Devesa Daniel, Gómez-Carmona Carlos D, Moreno-Villanueva Adrián
Department of Didactics of Music, Plastic and Body Expression, University of the Basque Country, UPV-EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
Research Group on Physical Activity, Education, and Health (GIAFES), Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain.
Sports (Basel). 2025 Aug 1;13(8):253. doi: 10.3390/sports13080253.
Adolescence represents a critical period of neurodevelopment during which brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a fundamental role in neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity. While exercise-BDNF relationships are well-documented in adults, evidence in adolescents remains limited and inconsistent. This systematic review examined the effects of exercise modalities on circulating BDNF concentrations in adolescent populations. A systematic search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across multiple databases (FECYT, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest Central, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library) through June 2025. Inclusion criteria comprised adolescents, exercise interventions, BDNF outcomes, and randomized controlled trial design. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. From 130 initially identified articles, 8 randomized controlled trials were included, with 4 rated as excellent and the other 4 as good quality. Exercise modalities included aerobic, resistance, concurrent, high-intensity interval training, Taekwondo, and whole-body vibration, with durations ranging 6-24 weeks. Four studies demonstrated statistically significant BDNF increases following exercise interventions, four showed no significant changes, and one reported transient reduction. Positive outcomes occurred primarily with vigorous-intensity protocols implemented for a minimum of six weeks. Meta-analysis was not feasible due to high heterogeneity in populations, interventions, and control conditions. Moreover, variation in post-exercise sampling timing further limited comparability of BDNF results. Future research should standardize protocols and examine longer interventions to clarify exercise-BDNF relationships in adolescents.
青春期是神经发育的关键时期，在此期间，脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）在神经元存活和突触可塑性方面发挥着重要作用。虽然运动与BDNF之间的关系在成年人中已有充分记录，但在青少年中的证据仍然有限且不一致。本系统综述探讨了运动方式对青少年人群循环BDNF浓度的影响。按照PRISMA指南，对多个数据库（FECYT、PubMed、SPORTDiscus、ProQuest Central、SCOPUS、Cochrane图书馆）进行了系统检索，截至2025年6月。纳入标准包括青少年、运动干预、BDNF结果和随机对照试验设计。使用PEDro量表评估方法学质量。从最初识别的130篇文章中，纳入了8项随机对照试验，其中4项被评为优秀，另外4项质量良好。运动方式包括有氧运动、抗阻运动、同时进行的运动、高强度间歇训练、跆拳道和全身振动，持续时间为6至24周。四项研究表明运动干预后BDNF有统计学意义的增加，四项研究显示无显著变化，一项研究报告有短暂下降。积极结果主要出现在至少持续六周的高强度运动方案中。由于人群、干预措施和对照条件存在高度异质性，因此无法进行荟萃分析。此外，运动后采样时间的差异进一步限制了BDNF结果的可比性。未来的研究应规范方案，并研究更长时间的干预措施，以阐明青少年运动与BDNF之间的关系。
