Huang Jia-Mao, Xu Tai-Min, Zhao Wen, Mumin Reyila, Zeng Long, Sun Yi-Fei, Cui Bao-Kai
State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2025 Feb 18;11(2):155. doi: 10.3390/jof11020155.
Macrofungi are a group of fungi with important ecological functions and economic value in forest ecosystems. In this study, the species diversity and community composition of macrofungi in different areas, vegetation types, and elevation gradients from the Lingshan Natural Scenic Area and Xiaolongmen National Forest Park of the Dongling Mountains, Western Beijing were investigated. A total of 1379 specimens were collected. All specimens were identified by morphological and molecular methods, resulting in the identification of 311 species belonging to two phyla, four classes, 18 orders, 74 families, and 147 genera. The alpha diversity analysis indicated that the alpha diversity was significantly different among different vegetation types. The spp. and of the Lingshan Natural Scenic Area, and of Xiaolongmen National Forest Park had higher macrofungal alpha diversity. The difference in alpha diversity between the two areas was not significant. The principal coordinate analysis indicated a significant difference in macrofungal community composition among different vegetation types. The fungal community composition of the two areas was also significantly different. The fungal species richness and unique species tended to increase and then decrease with increasing elevation. The species composition of neighboring elevation gradients was more similar. The macrofungal species richness and the number of unique species were not significantly affected by elevation gradient. The vegetation types with higher fungal alpha diversity in the Dongling Mountains were spp., , and , and there were abundant fungal species in deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests. Macrofungal diversity and community composition was significantly affected by vegetation type. To better protect the macrofungi, the protection of these four vegetation types in the Dongling Mountains should be strengthened in the future.
大型真菌是森林生态系统中具有重要生态功能和经济价值的一类真菌。本研究调查了北京西部东灵山自然风景区和小龙门国家森林公园不同区域、植被类型及海拔梯度下大型真菌的物种多样性和群落组成。共采集了1379份标本。所有标本均通过形态学和分子方法进行鉴定，共鉴定出311种，隶属于两个门、四个纲、18个目、74个科和147个属。α多样性分析表明，不同植被类型间的α多样性存在显著差异。东灵山自然风景区的[具体物种1]、[具体物种2]以及小龙门国家森林公园的[具体物种3]具有较高的大型真菌α多样性。两个区域间的α多样性差异不显著。主坐标分析表明，不同植被类型间大型真菌群落组成存在显著差异。两个区域的真菌群落组成也存在显著差异。真菌物种丰富度和特有物种数量随海拔升高呈先增加后减少的趋势。相邻海拔梯度的物种组成更为相似。大型真菌物种丰富度和特有物种数量受海拔梯度的影响不显著。东灵山地区真菌α多样性较高的植被类型为[具体植被1]、[具体植被2]和[具体植被3]，落叶阔叶混交林中真菌种类丰富。大型真菌多样性和群落组成受植被类型的显著影响。为更好地保护大型真菌，未来应加强对东灵山这四种植被类型的保护。
