Han Xixi, Liu Dongmei, Zhang Mingzhe, He Maoqiang, Li Jiaxin, Zhu Xinyu, Wang Meiqi, Thongklang Naritsada, Zhao Ruilin, Cao Bin
State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Apr 19;9(4):491. doi: 10.3390/jof9040491.
The Shaluli Mountains are located in the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau at an elevation of 2500-5000 m. They are characterized by a typical vertical distribution of climate and vegetation and are considered a global biodiversity hotspot. We selected ten vegetation types at different elevation gradients representing distinct forests in the Shaluli Mountains to assess the macrofungal diversity, including subalpine shrub, spp., spp., spp. and spp., spp., spp., spp. and spp., spp., spp., and alpine meadow. In total, 1654 macrofungal specimens were collected. All specimens were distinguished by morphology and DNA barcoding, resulting in the identification of 766 species belonging to 177 genera in two phyla, eight classes, 22 orders, and 72 families. Macrofungal species composition varied widely among vegetation types, but ectomycorrhizal fungi were predominant. In this study, the analysis of observed species richness, the Chao1 diversity index, the invsimpson diversity index, and the Shannon diversity index revealed that the vegetation types with higher macrofungal alpha diversity in the Shaluli Mountains were composed of , , and . The vegetation types with lower macrofungal alpha diversity were subalpine shrub, spp., spp., and alpine meadow. The results of curve-fitting regression analysis showed that macrofungal diversity in the Shaluli Mountains was closely related to elevation, with a trend of increasing and then decreasing with rising elevation. This distribution of diversity is consistent with the hump-shaped pattern. Constrained principal coordinate analysis based on Bray-Curtis distances indicated that macrofungal community composition was similar among vegetation types at similar elevations, while vegetation types with large differences in elevation differed significantly in macrofungal community composition. This suggests that large changes in elevation increase macrofungal community turnover. This study is the first investigation of the distribution pattern of macrofungal diversity under different vegetation types in high-altitude areas, providing a scientific basis for the conservation of macrofungal resources.
沙鲁里山脉位于青藏高原东南部，海拔2500 - 5000米。其特点是气候和植被具有典型的垂直分布，被认为是全球生物多样性热点地区。我们在沙鲁里山脉不同海拔梯度上选择了十种代表不同森林的植被类型，以评估大型真菌多样性，包括亚高山灌丛、[物种名1]、[物种名2]、[物种名3]、[物种名4]、[物种名5]、[物种名6]、[物种名7]、[物种名8]、[物种名9]、[物种名10]、[物种名11]以及高山草甸。总共收集了1654份大型真菌标本。所有标本通过形态学和DNA条形码进行区分，结果鉴定出766个物种，分属于两个门、八个纲、22个目和72个科的177个属。大型真菌物种组成在不同植被类型中差异很大，但外生菌根真菌占主导地位。在本研究中，对观测物种丰富度、Chao1多样性指数、逆辛普森多样性指数和香农多样性指数的分析表明，沙鲁里山脉大型真菌α多样性较高的植被类型由[植被类型1]、[植被类型2]和[植被类型3]组成。大型真菌α多样性较低的植被类型是亚高山灌丛、[物种名1]、[物种名2]和高山草甸。曲线拟合回归分析结果表明，沙鲁里山脉的大型真菌多样性与海拔密切相关，随着海拔升高呈现先增加后减少的趋势。这种多样性分布与驼峰形模式一致。基于Bray - Curtis距离的约束主坐标分析表明，海拔相似的植被类型之间大型真菌群落组成相似，而海拔差异大的植被类型在大型真菌群落组成上差异显著。这表明海拔的大幅变化会增加大型真菌群落的周转率。本研究是首次对高海拔地区不同植被类型下大型真菌多样性分布模式进行调查，为大型真菌资源的保护提供了科学依据。
