Beltran-Velasco Ana Isabel
NBC Group, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28248 Madrid, Spain.
Metabolites. 2025 Feb 13;15(2):128. doi: 10.3390/metabo15020128.
Brain glycogen is imperative for neuronal health, as it supports energy demands and metabolic processes. This review examines the pathways involved in glycogen storage and utilization in the central nervous system, emphasizing their role in both physiology and pathology. It explores how alterations in glycogen metabolism contribute to neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and metabolic conditions while highlighting the bidirectional interaction between neurons and glia in maintaining brain homeostasis. A comprehensive search of articles published between 2015 and 2025 was conducted using the following databases: ScienceDirect, Scopus, Wiley, Web of Science, Medline, and PubMed. The selection of relevant studies was based on their focus on brain glycogen metabolism and its role in neurological conditions, with studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria being excluded. The metabolic processes of brain glycogen are subject to rigorous regulation by astrocyte-neuron interactions, thereby ensuring metabolic homeostasis and energy availability. The dysregulation of glycogen storage and mobilization has been implicated in the development of synaptic dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and neurodegeneration in a variety of disorders. For instance, aberrant glycogen accumulation in diseases such as Lafora disease has been associated with severe neurodegeneration, while impaired glycogen mobilization has been shown to exacerbate energy deficits in Alzheimer's and epilepsy. Targeting brain glycogen metabolism represents a promising approach for therapeutic intervention in neurological disorders. However, the translation of these strategies to human models remains challenging, particularly with regard to the long-term safety and specificity of glycogen-targeted therapies.
脑糖原对神经元健康至关重要，因为它支持能量需求和代谢过程。本综述探讨了中枢神经系统中糖原储存和利用所涉及的途径，强调了它们在生理和病理过程中的作用。它探讨了糖原代谢的改变如何导致神经系统疾病，包括神经退行性疾病、癫痫和代谢性疾病，同时突出了神经元和神经胶质细胞在维持脑内稳态中的双向相互作用。使用以下数据库对2015年至2025年间发表的文章进行了全面检索：ScienceDirect、Scopus、Wiley、Web of Science、Medline和PubMed。相关研究的选择基于其对脑糖原代谢及其在神经疾病中的作用的关注，不符合纳入标准的研究被排除。脑糖原的代谢过程受到星形胶质细胞-神经元相互作用的严格调控，从而确保代谢稳态和能量供应。糖原储存和动员的失调与多种疾病中的突触功能障碍、兴奋性毒性和神经退行性变的发生有关。例如，拉福拉病等疾病中异常的糖原积累与严重的神经退行性变有关，而糖原动员受损已被证明会加剧阿尔茨海默病和癫痫中的能量不足。针对脑糖原代谢是神经疾病治疗干预的一种有前景的方法。然而，将这些策略转化为人体模型仍然具有挑战性，特别是在糖原靶向治疗的长期安全性和特异性方面。
