Merino Del Portillo Mariana, Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier, Ruisoto Pablo, Jimenez Manuel, Ramos-Campo Domingo Jesús, Beltran-Velasco Ana Isabel, Martínez-Guardado Ismael, Rubio-Zarapuz Alejandro, Navarro-Jiménez Eduardo, Tornero-Aguilera José Francisco
Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain.
Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia.
Metabolites. 2024 Oct 14;14(10):549. doi: 10.3390/metabo14100549.
Mental health is an increasing topic of focus since more than 500 million people in the world suffer from depression and anxiety. In this multifactorial disorder, parameters such as inflammation, the state of the microbiota and, therefore, the patient's nutrition are receiving more attention. In addition, food products are the source of many essential ingredients involved in the regulation of mental processes, including amino acids, neurotransmitters, vitamins, and others. For this reason, this narrative review was carried out with the aim of analyzing the role of nutrition in depression and anxiety disorders. To reach the review aim, a critical review was conducted utilizing both primary sources, such as scientific publications and secondary sources, such as bibliographic indexes, web pages, and databases. The search was conducted in PsychINFO, MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, and CinAhl. The results show a direct relationship between what we eat and the state of our nervous system. The gut-brain axis is a complex system in which the intestinal microbiota communicates directly with our nervous system and provides it with neurotransmitters for its proper functioning. An imbalance in our microbiota due to poor nutrition will cause an inflammatory response that, if sustained over time and together with other factors, can lead to disorders such as anxiety and depression. Changes in the functions of the microbiota-gut-brain axis have been linked to several mental disorders. It is believed that the modulation of the microbiome composition may be an effective strategy for a new treatment of these disorders. Modifications in nutritional behaviors and the use of ergogenic components are presented as important non-pharmacological interventions in anxiety and depression prevention and treatment. It is desirable that the choice of nutritional and probiotic treatment in individual patients be based on the results of appropriate biochemical and microbiological tests.
心理健康是一个日益受到关注的话题，因为全球有超过5亿人患有抑郁症和焦虑症。在这种多因素疾病中，炎症、微生物群状态以及患者的营养等参数受到了更多关注。此外，食品是许多参与调节心理过程的必需成分的来源，包括氨基酸、神经递质、维生素等。因此，进行了这篇叙述性综述，旨在分析营养在抑郁症和焦虑症中的作用。为了实现综述目标，利用了科学出版物等主要来源以及书目索引、网页和数据库等次要来源进行了批判性综述。检索在PsychINFO、MedLine（PubMed）、Cochrane（Wiley）、Embase和CinAhl中进行。结果表明我们的饮食与神经系统状态之间存在直接关系。肠-脑轴是一个复杂的系统，其中肠道微生物群与我们的神经系统直接通信，并为其正常运作提供神经递质。由于营养不良导致的微生物群失衡会引发炎症反应，如果长期持续并与其他因素一起，可能导致焦虑和抑郁等疾病。微生物群-肠-脑轴功能的变化与几种精神疾病有关。人们认为调节微生物组组成可能是一种治疗这些疾病的有效新策略。营养行为的改变和促效成分 的使用被视为预防和治疗焦虑和抑郁的重要非药物干预措施。希望在个体患者中选择营养和益生菌治疗应基于适当的生化和微生物学检测结果。
