Kumar Lokesh, Gupta Bramha, Kumar Purkait Mihir
Centre for Sustainable Water Research, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Mar;377:124610. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124610. Epub 2025 Feb 24.
The rapid increase in toxic recalcitrant organic compounds (ROCs) from various industrial, residential, and agricultural sources poses a significant public health concern and threatens environmental preservation. The presence of these toxic ROCs weakens the effectiveness of conventional water and wastewater treatment systems. As a result, numerous physicochemical and biological treatment processes have been explored, each demonstrating varying removal efficiencies depending on experimental conditions. Given the limitations of existing treatment methods, research has increasingly focused on advanced oxidation processes, particularly photocatalysis. Photocatalysis is a prominent treatment technique due to its low sludge production, non-toxic nature, reusable characteristics, and ability to harness visible light. This review comprehensively examines the ecotoxicological effects of ROCs, existing biological and physicochemical treatment methods, advancements in photocatalyst synthesis, the transition from conventional to advanced photocatalysts, and hybrid treatment systems. In the context of photocatalytic removal of ROCs, the review also addresses several influencing parameters, including initial pollutant concentration, solution pH, light intensity, catalyst dose, and catalyst type. Global case studies focusing on the mechanisms of photocatalytic degradation of ROCs are highlighted. The documented photocatalysts for removing ROCs from water and wastewater have shown promising results. Moreover, integrating photocatalysis with advanced physicochemical and biological processes has effectively removed various dissolved (e.g., ROCs) and suspended impurities, showcasing its practical applications. Thus, this study could serve as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers working on the treatment of various micropollutants, such as ROCs, in real wastewater.
来自各种工业、住宅和农业源的有毒难降解有机化合物（ROCs）的迅速增加，引起了重大的公共卫生关注，并威胁到环境保护。这些有毒ROCs的存在削弱了传统水和废水处理系统的有效性。因此，人们探索了许多物理化学和生物处理工艺，每种工艺在不同实验条件下都表现出不同的去除效率。鉴于现有处理方法的局限性，研究越来越集中在高级氧化工艺上，特别是光催化。光催化因其污泥产量低、无毒、可重复使用以及能够利用可见光的特性，是一种突出的处理技术。本综述全面研究了ROCs的生态毒理学影响、现有的生物和物理化学处理方法、光催化剂合成的进展、从传统光催化剂向高级光催化剂的转变以及混合处理系统。在光催化去除ROCs的背景下，该综述还讨论了几个影响参数，包括初始污染物浓度、溶液pH值、光强度、催化剂剂量和催化剂类型。重点介绍了关注ROCs光催化降解机制的全球案例研究。已记录的用于从水和废水中去除ROCs的光催化剂已显示出有前景的结果。此外，将光催化与高级物理化学和生物工艺相结合，已有效地去除了各种溶解的（如ROCs）和悬浮杂质，展示了其实际应用。因此，本研究可以为致力于处理实际废水中各种微污染物（如ROCs）的研究人员和工程师提供有价值的资源。
