Artegiani Benedetta, Hendriks Delilah
Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Dev Cell. 2025 Feb 24;60(4):493-511. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2025.01.005.
Human organoids are a widely used tool in cell biology to study homeostatic processes, disease, and development. The term organoids covers a plethora of model systems from different cellular origins that each have unique features and applications but bring their own challenges. This review discusses the basic principles underlying organoids generated from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as well as those derived from tissue stem cells (TSCs). We consider how well PSC- and TSC-organoids mimic the different intended organs in terms of cellular complexity, maturity, functionality, and the ongoing efforts to constitute predictive complex models of in vivo situations. We discuss the advantages and limitations associated with each system to answer different biological questions including in the field of cancer and developmental biology, and with respect to implementing emerging advanced technologies, such as (spatial) -omics analyses, CRISPR screens, and high-content imaging screens. We postulate how the two fields may move forward together, integrating advantages of one to the other.
人类类器官是细胞生物学中广泛用于研究稳态过程、疾病和发育的工具。类器官一词涵盖了来自不同细胞起源的大量模型系统，每个系统都有独特的特征和应用，但也带来了各自的挑战。本综述讨论了由多能干细胞（PSC）产生的类器官以及由组织干细胞（TSC）衍生的类器官的基本原理。我们考虑了PSC类器官和TSC类器官在细胞复杂性、成熟度、功能方面对不同目标器官的模拟程度，以及构建体内情况预测性复杂模型的持续努力。我们讨论了与每个系统相关的优势和局限性，以回答不同的生物学问题，包括癌症和发育生物学领域的问题，以及关于实施新兴先进技术，如（空间）组学分析、CRISPR筛选和高内涵成像筛选的问题。我们推测这两个领域如何相互结合，整合彼此的优势共同向前发展。
