- Invited Review - Challenges and constraints to the sustainability of poultry farming in China.

China's poultry industry is characterized by large-scale production and rich breeds, presenting both opportunities and challenges. In 2023, the industry produced 10.79 billion broilers, 28.38 million tons of eggs, and 4.88 billion waterfowl. The foundation of a thriving poultry industry lies in the continuous improvement of breeds. For instance, new lines of Lueyang black-boned chickens have been developed using genomic selection breeding, with a focus on improving production performance and unlocking their high-quality genetic potential. Precision nutrition programs enhance the expression of poultry's genetic potential and improve feed utilization efficiency. The five-dimensional feed evaluation system and the comprehensive National Feed Database provide formulators with accurate nutritional parameters of feed. Additionally, the concept of "nutrition power" and the "five-ring gold standard" enable researchers to analyze poultry's digestive physiology more effectively. Feeding management plays a crucial role in optimizing genetic potential and the effectiveness of precision nutrition. To further boost production efficiency, smart farming systems have been implemented, incorporating intelligent management of environmental factors, animal parameters, and poultry health tracking. Meanwhile, in order to improve material utilization efficiency across the entire poultry production chain and support the sustainable development of the poultry industry, it is essential to optimize and promote the application of the Poultry-Crop interaction systems. In summary, strengthening fundamental research in poultry, optimizing smart poultry farm platforms, and implementing Poultry-Crop Interacting systems will drive the sustainable development of China's poultry industry.