合作与竞争是生物进化的主要驱动力。
Cooperation and Competition Were Primary Driving Forces for Biological Evolution.
作者信息
Saier Milton H
机构信息
Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
出版信息
Microb Physiol. 2025;35(1):13-29. doi: 10.1159/000544890. Epub 2025 Feb 25.
BACKGROUND
For many years, scientists have accepted Darwin's conclusion that "Survival of the Fittest" involves successful competition with other organisms for life-endowing molecules and conditions.
SUMMARY
Newly discovered "partial" organisms with minimal genomes that require symbiotic or parasitic relationships for growth and reproduction suggest that cooperation in addition to competition was and still is a primary driving force for survival. These two phenomena are not mutually exclusive, and both can confer a competitive advantage for survival. In fact, cooperation may have been more important in the early evolution of life on earth before autonomous organisms developed, becoming large genome organisms.
KEY MESSAGES
This suggestion has tremendous consequences with respect to our conception of the early evolution of life on earth as well as the appearance of intercellular interactions, multicellularity and the nature of interactions between humans and their societies (e.g., social Darwinism).
背景
多年来，科学家们一直认同达尔文的结论，即“适者生存”涉及与其他生物体为获取赋予生命的分子和条件而展开的成功竞争。
总结
新发现的基因组极小的“部分”生物体，它们生长和繁殖需要共生或寄生关系，这表明除了竞争之外，合作过去是、现在仍然是生存的主要驱动力。这两种现象并非相互排斥，且都能赋予生存的竞争优势。事实上，在自主生物体出现并成为大基因组生物体之前，合作在地球生命的早期进化中可能更为重要。
关键信息
这一观点对于我们理解地球生命的早期进化、细胞间相互作用的出现、多细胞性以及人类与其社会之间相互作用的本质（如社会达尔文主义）具有重大影响。
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