Xia Shuangshuang, Xu Jie, Wang Zongtao, Lee Seunglok, Wang Lei, Hu Yu, Zhao Xiaohong, Yang Changduk, Zhou Erjun, Yuan Zhongyi
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Film Energy Chemistry for Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory (FEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2025 May 12;64(20):e202501816. doi: 10.1002/anie.202501816. Epub 2025 Mar 6.
Large dipole moment additives have strong interactions with the host materials, which can optimize morphology and improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, these additives are difficult to remove due to their strong intermolecular interactions, which may impair stability. Developing volatile additives with large dipole moments is challenging. Herein, we first report volatile imide additives that could effectively improve the performance of OSCs through morphology modification. Three additives N-(o-chlorophenyl)phthalimide (oClPA), N-(m-chlorophenyl)phthalimide (mClPA), and N-(p-chlorophenyl)phthalimide (pClPA) were screened to investigate the effort of positional isomerization on molecular configuration and interaction. These additives (ClPAs) have larger dipole moments (2.0664 Debye for oClPA, 4.2361 Debye for mClPA, and 4.7896 Debye for pClPA) compared to reported solid additives. In contrast to traditional simultaneous nucleation and crystal growth, ClPAs could induce the acceptor to nucleate first and then grow, which contributes to forming high-quality acceptor domains with better crystallinity. To our knowledge, this unique film formation kinetics was reported first. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs based on PM6:BTP-eC9 treated with pClPA was improved from 16.13 % to 18.58 %. Additive pClPA also performed well in PM6:L8-BO, PM6:Y6, and D18:L8-BO systems, and a high PCE of 19.04 % was achieved. Our results indicate using imide unit to construct solid additives is a simple and effective strategy, and the positional isomerization of halogen atom also has a large effect on the photovoltaic performance.
大偶极矩添加剂与主体材料有很强的相互作用，这可以优化有机太阳能电池（OSC）的形貌并提高其光伏性能。然而，由于这些添加剂分子间相互作用很强，难以去除，这可能会损害稳定性。开发具有大偶极矩的挥发性添加剂具有挑战性。在此，我们首次报道了挥发性酰亚胺添加剂，其可通过形貌改性有效提高OSC的性能。筛选了三种添加剂N-（邻氯苯基）邻苯二甲酰亚胺（oClPA）、N-（间氯苯基）邻苯二甲酰亚胺（mClPA）和N-（对氯苯基）邻苯二甲酰亚胺（pClPA），以研究位置异构对分子构型和相互作用的影响。与已报道的固体添加剂相比，这些添加剂（ClPAs）具有更大的偶极矩（oClPA为2.0664德拜，mClPA为 4.2361德拜，pClPA为4.7896德拜）。与传统的同时成核和晶体生长不同，ClPAs可诱导受体先成核然后生长，这有助于形成具有更好结晶度的高质量受体域。据我们所知，这种独特的成膜动力学是首次报道。用pClPA处理的基于PM6:BTP-eC9的OSC的功率转换效率（PCE）从16.13%提高到了18.58%。添加剂pClPA在PM6:L8-BO、PM6:Y6和D18:L8-BO体系中也表现良好，实现了19.04%的高PCE。我们的结果表明，使用酰亚胺单元构建固体添加剂是一种简单有效的策略，卤素原子的位置异构对光伏性能也有很大影响。
