Ławkowska Karolina, Bonowicz Klaudia, Jerka Dominika, Bai Yidong, Gagat Maciej
Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Płock, 09-402 Płock, Poland.
Biomolecules. 2025 Feb 6;15(2):233. doi: 10.3390/biom15020233.
Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure, remain the leading cause of global mortality, with endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling as critical contributors. Integrins, as transmembrane adhesion proteins, are central regulators of cell adhesion, migration, and signaling, playing a pivotal role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and mediating pathological processes such as inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling. This article comprehensively examines the role of integrins in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, focusing on their dysfunction in endothelial cells and interactions with inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α. Molecular mechanisms of integrin action are discussed, including their involvement in mechanotransduction, leukocyte adhesion, and signaling pathways that regulate vascular integrity. The review also highlights experimental findings, such as the use of specific integrin-targeting plasmids and immunofluorescence to elucidate integrin functions under inflammatory conditions. Additionally, potential therapeutic strategies are explored, including the development of integrin inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and their application in regenerative medicine. These approaches aim not only to mitigate pathological vascular remodeling but also to promote tissue repair and angiogenesis. By bridging insights from molecular studies with their translational potential, this work underscores the promise of integrin-based therapies in advancing the management and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
心血管疾病，包括动脉粥样硬化、高血压和心力衰竭，仍然是全球死亡的主要原因，内皮功能障碍和血管重塑是关键因素。整合素作为跨膜粘附蛋白，是细胞粘附、迁移和信号传导的核心调节因子，在维持血管稳态以及介导炎症、血管生成和细胞外基质重塑等病理过程中发挥着关键作用。本文全面探讨了整合素在心血管疾病发病机制中的作用，重点关注其在内皮细胞中的功能障碍以及与炎症介质（如肿瘤坏死因子-α）的相互作用。讨论了整合素作用的分子机制，包括它们参与机械转导、白细胞粘附以及调节血管完整性的信号通路。该综述还强调了实验结果，如使用特定的整合素靶向质粒和免疫荧光来阐明炎症条件下整合素的功能。此外，还探索了潜在的治疗策略，包括整合素抑制剂、单克隆抗体的开发及其在再生医学中的应用。这些方法不仅旨在减轻病理性血管重塑，还旨在促进组织修复和血管生成。通过将分子研究的见解与其转化潜力相结合，这项工作强调了基于整合素的疗法在推进心血管疾病管理和治疗方面的前景。
