Parry E M, Sharp D C, Parry J M
Mutat Res. 1985 Jun-Jul;150(1-2):369-81. doi: 10.1016/0027-5107(85)90134-4.
The fidelity of chromosome segregation and the maintenance of the integrity of the chromosome karyotype of eukaryotic cells is dependent upon the synthesis and functioning of division-related structures such as the nuclear spindle and events such as the attachment of chromosomes to the spindle and their subsequent movement to the poles of the dividing cell. Chemical and physical treatment which modify the synthesis and functioning of division-related events may potentially lead to the production of cells with abnormal chromosome numbers (of both whole chromosome sets and of individual chromosomes). The ability of environmental agents to modify division-related structures in mammalian cells has been assessed by morphological examination of exposed mitotically dividing cells using staining techniques which identify spindle and chromosome structure and by the analysis of the characteristics of microtubule polymerisation in vitro. Such techniques have been used to identify the spindle-modifying effects of chemicals such as the synthetic hormone diethylstilboestrol and modifications of chromosome to spindle attachment in cells exposed to both UV- and X-irradiation. Such modifications of cell-division-related activities may lead to alterations in the fidelity of division events leading to the production of chromosomally abnormal daughter cells with aneuploid or polyploid karyotypes.
真核细胞染色体分离的准确性以及染色体核型完整性的维持，依赖于与分裂相关结构（如纺锤体）的合成与功能，以及诸如染色体附着于纺锤体及其随后向分裂细胞两极移动等事件。改变与分裂相关事件的合成和功能的化学和物理处理，可能会导致产生染色体数目异常（包括整个染色体组和单个染色体）的细胞。通过使用能识别纺锤体和染色体结构的染色技术对暴露于环境因素下正在进行有丝分裂的细胞进行形态学检查，以及通过体外分析微管聚合特性，评估了环境因素改变哺乳动物细胞中与分裂相关结构的能力。此类技术已用于鉴定诸如合成激素己烯雌酚等化学物质对纺锤体的修饰作用，以及暴露于紫外线和X射线的细胞中染色体与纺锤体附着的改变。细胞分裂相关活动的此类修饰可能会导致分裂事件准确性的改变，从而产生具有非整倍体或多倍体核型的染色体异常子细胞。
