Li Jing, Chen Zhanqiang, Su Baojie, Zhang Yanan, Wang Zhiping, Ma Ke, Lu Boyu, Ren Jianhong, Xue Jianfu
College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China.
Taigu District Party School of Jinzhong City of the Communist Party of China, Taigu, Jinzhong 030800, China.
Foods. 2025 Feb 7;14(4):544. doi: 10.3390/foods14040544.
Waxy maize ( L. ) contains a lot of nutrients, and has a long history of cultivation and extensive consumption. In this study, six waxy maize varieties of white (J18 and W2000), yellow (J41 and J7), and black (J10 and J20) were selected as experimental materials, and the functional nutrients and the differences in anthocyanin anabolic pathways in maize kernels at 14, 18, 22, and 26 days after pollination were determined. The result show that the varieties and kernel development stages had significant effect on the carotenoid, soluble sugar, vitamin C, anthocyanin, and mineral element content. The black waxy maize varieties had a higher anthocyanin content, which plays an important role in maize kernel coloration, whereas the yellow and black waxy maize varieties exhibit a greater abundance of mineral elements. Furthermore, the phenylalanine content, as well as the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone isomerase (CHI), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), and flavonoid 3-glucosyltransferase (UFGT), played a significant role in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. In conclusion, the comprehensive functional quality of waxy maize decreased with the delay of kernel development stage, and the black waxy maize varieties demonstrated superior functional quality. The PAL and CHI played a primary role in the initial phase of anthocyanin accumulation, while UFGT gradually assumed control in the subsequent stages.
糯玉米（L.）含有大量营养成分，且种植历史悠久，消费广泛。本研究选取了白色（J18和W2000）、黄色（J41和J7）和黑色（J10和J20）六个糯玉米品种作为实验材料，测定了授粉后14、18、22和26天玉米粒中功能营养成分以及花青素合成途径的差异。结果表明，品种和籽粒发育阶段对类胡萝卜素、可溶性糖、维生素C、花青素和矿质元素含量有显著影响。黑色糯玉米品种花青素含量较高，这在玉米粒着色中起重要作用，而黄色和黑色糯玉米品种矿质元素含量更为丰富。此外，苯丙氨酸含量以及苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）、查尔酮异构酶（CHI）、二氢黄酮醇还原酶（DFR）和类黄酮3 - 葡萄糖基转移酶（UFGT）的活性在花青素生物合成途径中起重要作用。总之，糯玉米的综合功能品质随籽粒发育阶段的延迟而下降，黑色糯玉米品种表现出更优的功能品质。PAL和CHI在花青素积累的初始阶段起主要作用，而UFGT在随后阶段逐渐起控制作用。
