Cayuela Lucía, García-Muñoz Cristina, Achaval Victoria, Ortega Calvo Manuel, Cayuela Aurelio
Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganes, Spain.
Ciencias de la Salud y Biomédicas, Universidad Loyola Andalucia, Sevilla, Spain
Inj Prev. 2025 Mar 20;31(2):101-106. doi: 10.1136/ip-2024-045538.
Falls are a significant public health concern, particularly among older adults. This study aimed to analyse trends in fall-related mortality in Spain from 1999 to 2022, focusing on age and gender disparities.
Using a longitudinal ecological study, we analysed trends in fall mortality. Using data from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics, age-standardised mortality rates (ASMRs) were calculated for different age groups and genders. Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to identify significant trends and calculate annual percentage changes in mortality rates.
Fall deaths in Spain surged from 1999 to 2022, with a significant increase in mortality rates. This increase was more pronounced among men than women, and the older adults aged 65 and older accounted for most fall-related deaths. Overall, ASMRs increased with age and were consistently higher for men across all age groups. Men experienced a 1.9% annual increase in ASMRs, with a significant rise starting in 2009. Women's ASMRs increased by 1.8% per year, with a more pronounced increase from 2007 to 2013 before slowing. Among those aged 65 and over, rates increased significantly across most age groups, with the ASMR for men rising by 2.7% per year and for women by 2%.
Fall mortality in Spain has significantly increased, particularly among older adults and men. The findings underscore the need for targeted fall prevention strategies, especially for high-risk groups. Future interventions should address gender-specific risks and emerging issues in middle-aged adults to effectively reduce fall-related mortality across all age groups.
跌倒问题是一个重大的公共卫生问题，在老年人中尤为突出。本研究旨在分析1999年至2022年西班牙跌倒相关死亡率的趋势，重点关注年龄和性别差异。
采用纵向生态研究方法，我们分析了跌倒死亡率的趋势。利用西班牙国家统计局的数据，计算了不同年龄组和性别的年龄标准化死亡率（ASMR）。采用连接点回归分析来确定显著趋势并计算死亡率的年度百分比变化。
1999年至2022年西班牙的跌倒死亡人数激增，死亡率显著上升。男性的死亡率上升幅度大于女性，65岁及以上的老年人占跌倒相关死亡的大多数。总体而言，ASMR随年龄增长而增加，所有年龄组男性的ASMR始终更高。男性的ASMR每年增长1.9%，从2009年开始显著上升。女性的ASMR每年增长1.8%，在2007年至2013年期间增长更为明显，之后有所放缓。在65岁及以上的人群中，大多数年龄组的死亡率显著上升，男性的ASMR每年上升2.7%，女性为2%。
西班牙的跌倒死亡率显著上升，尤其是在老年人和男性中。研究结果强调了制定有针对性的跌倒预防策略的必要性，特别是针对高危人群。未来的干预措施应解决特定性别的风险以及中年成年人中出现的问题，以有效降低所有年龄组的跌倒相关死亡率。
