El Mrayyan Nadia, Holmgren Marianne, Ahlström Gerd
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, P.O., Box 117, Lund, 221 00, Sweden.
Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Arch Public Health. 2025 Feb 27;83(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s13690-025-01528-0.
The increasing longevity of people with intellectual disability creates a need for a healthy-ageing perspective, translated into evidence-based interventions in this multi-morbidity group. Accordingly, the aim of this scoping review was to identify, summarise and analyse the empirical research on healthy ageing in older adults with intellectual disability.
This review was based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and a PICO protocol (Patient/population, Intervention, Comparison/control, and Outcome). Empirical studies in English were included if they concerned older adults with intellectual disability with an average age of at least 45 and were based on a clearly expressed healthy-ageing perspective. An information specialist conducted a search in 11 databases with no geographical or temporal restrictions. Two independent researchers performed study selection, quality assessment and data extraction. Disagreements were resolved in consultation with a third researcher. A textual narrative synthesis was based on PICO domains and the seven research questions.
The 11 studies were all from developed countries and had different designs: qualitative, mixed-method and one systematic review. Only three studies highlighted the term "healthy ageing", most used synonymous terms. Eight studies focused on healthy ageing on the individual level, three on the organisational and societal level. The intervention studies in the systematic review were mainly nonrandomised, concerned interventions varying in intensity and duration, considered different research questions and employed different outcome measures.
The findings highlight a major knowledge gap concerning evidence-based interventions with a healthy-ageing perspective in the case of older adults with intellectual disability. There is an urgent need to initiate healthy-ageing studies in developing countries, where such people are even more vulnerable to stigma and discrimination than those in developed countries. Our findings confirm the need to scale up healthy-ageing interventions in line with the WHO's ambition to develop evidence-based approaches to optimise the functional capacity of all older people, including older adults with intellectual disability, by 2030.
The study is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), CRD42022337211 (13 June 2022).
智力残疾者寿命的延长使得有必要从健康老龄化的角度出发，转化为针对这一多发病群体的循证干预措施。因此，本范围综述的目的是识别、总结和分析关于智力残疾老年人健康老龄化的实证研究。
本综述基于PRISMA 2020范围综述指南（PRISMA-ScR）和PICO方案（患者/人群、干预措施、对照/控制组和结局）。纳入的英文实证研究需涉及平均年龄至少为45岁的智力残疾老年人，且基于明确表述的健康老龄化视角。一名信息专家在11个数据库中进行了无地理或时间限制的检索。两名独立研究人员进行了研究筛选、质量评估和数据提取。分歧通过与第三名研究人员协商解决。基于PICO领域和七个研究问题进行了文本叙述性综合分析。
这11项研究均来自发达国家，设计各异：定性研究、混合方法研究和一项系统综述。只有三项研究突出了“健康老龄化”一词，大多数使用了同义词。八项研究关注个体层面的健康老龄化，三项关注组织和社会层面。系统综述中的干预研究主要是非随机的，涉及强度和持续时间各异的干预措施，考虑了不同的研究问题并采用了不同的结局指标。
研究结果凸显了在智力残疾老年人中，从健康老龄化角度出发的循证干预措施存在重大知识空白。迫切需要在发展中国家开展健康老龄化研究，因为在这些国家，这类人群比发达国家的同类人群更容易受到耻辱和歧视。我们的研究结果证实，有必要根据世界卫生组织到2030年制定循证方法以优化所有老年人（包括智力残疾老年人）功能能力的目标，扩大健康老龄化干预措施的规模。
该研究已在国际系统评价前瞻性注册库（PROSPERO）注册，注册号为CRD42022337211（2022年6月13日）。
