Sheerah Haytham A, Al-Jedai Ahmed H, Al-Jerian Nawfal A, Al-Otaiby Maram A, Al-Seraihi Ahad F, Al-Huzami Saad A, Al-Qahtani Sara A, Zaatari Ezzedine S
Office of the Vice Minister of Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
Vaccine. 2025 Apr 11;52:126937. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.126937. Epub 2025 Feb 26.
The simultaneous spread of COVID-19 and seasonal influenza is an evolving healthcare challenge. This study examines the clinical characteristics of influenza and COVID-19 patients in Saudi Arabia and evaluates the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on hospital and ICU admission risks.
We conducted a cross-sectional study of 235 patients (113 with influenza and 122 with COVID-19) admitted between October 2023 and March 2024 to Saudi public hospitals. Data on demographic factors, comorbidities, vaccination status, and ICU admission were collected from medical records. Logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between COVID-19 vaccination and clinical outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders.
Among the patients, 48.1 % were male, and 51.1 % were aged over 60 years. Among them, 80.0 % had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose; 6.8 % had one dose, 25.5 % had two doses, 46.4 % had three doses, and 1.3 % had four doses. COVID-19 patients had higher rates of comorbidities but lower rates of ICU admissions than influenza patients (18.0 % versus 5.3 %) and (7.4 % versus 13.3 %), respectively. COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a higher likelihood of receiving the seasonal influenza shot (OR [95 % CI] = 4.43 [1.29, 15.26]) and a lower likelihood of COVID-19 hospital admission (OR [95 % CI] = 0.39 [0.19, 0.81]) and ICU admission (OR [95 % CI] = 0.31 [0.12, 0.80]).
COVID-19 vaccination was significantly associated with a reduced risk of COVID-19 hospital admission and ICU admission in the post-pandemic period. These findings emphasize the importance of vaccination in mitigating severe outcomes from COVID-19 and influenza infections.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）和季节性流感的同时传播是一个不断演变的医疗挑战。本研究调查了沙特阿拉伯流感和COVID-19患者的临床特征，并评估了COVID-19疫苗接种对住院和入住重症监护病房（ICU）风险的影响。
我们对2023年10月至2024年3月期间入住沙特公立医院的235例患者（113例流感患者和122例COVID-19患者）进行了一项横断面研究。从病历中收集了人口统计学因素、合并症、疫苗接种状况和入住ICU的数据。使用逻辑回归模型研究COVID-19疫苗接种与临床结局之间的关联，并对潜在混杂因素进行调整。
在这些患者中，48.1%为男性，51.1%年龄超过60岁。其中，80.0%至少接种过一剂COVID-19疫苗；6.8%接种一剂，25.5%接种两剂，46.4%接种三剂，1.3%接种四剂。COVID-19患者的合并症发生率较高，但入住ICU的比例低于流感患者，分别为18.0%和5.3%，以及7.4%和13.3%。接种COVID-19疫苗与接种季节性流感疫苗的可能性较高（比值比[95%置信区间]=4.43[1.29，15.26]）以及COVID-19住院（比值比[95%置信区间]=0.39[0.19，0.81]）和入住ICU（比值比[95%置信区间]=0.31[0.12，0.80]）的可能性较低相关。
在疫情后时期，接种COVID-19疫苗与降低COVID-19住院和入住ICU的风险显著相关。这些发现强调了疫苗接种在减轻COVID-19和流感感染严重后果方面的重要性。
