Izzy Saef, Yahya Taha, Albastaki Omar, Abou-El-Hassan Hadi, Aronchik Michael, Cao Tian, De Oliveira Marilia Garcia, Lu Kuan-Jung, Moreira Thais G, da Silva Patrick, Boucher Masen L, Beauchamp Leah C, S LeServe Danielle, Brandao Wesley Nogueira, Carolina Durão Ana, Lanser Toby, Montini Federico, Lee Joon-Hyuk, Bernstock Joshua D, Kaul Megha, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento Gabriel, Chopra Kusha, Krishnan Rajesh, Mannix Rebekah, Rezende Rafael M, Quintana Francisco J, Butovsky Oleg, Weiner Howard L
Immunology of Brain Injury Program, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nat Neurosci. 2025 Mar;28(3):499-516. doi: 10.1038/s41593-025-01877-7. Epub 2025 Feb 27.
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to both damage and recovery, yet no effective therapy exists to mitigate central nervous system (CNS) injury and promote recovery after TBI. In the present study, we found that nasal administration of an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody ameliorated CNS damage and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of contusional TBI. Nasal anti-CD3 induced a population of interleukin (IL)-10-producing regulatory T cells (T cells) that migrated to the brain and closely contacted microglia. T cells directly reduced chronic microglia inflammation and regulated their phagocytic function in an IL-10-dependent manner. Blocking the IL-10 receptor globally or specifically on microglia in vivo abrogated the beneficial effects of nasal anti-CD3. However, the adoptive transfer of IL-10-producing T cells to TBI-injured mice restored these beneficial effects by enhancing microglial phagocytic capacity and reducing microglia-induced neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that nasal anti-CD3 represents a promising new therapeutic approach for treating TBI and potentially other forms of acute brain injury.
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