Öçbe Melisa, Çelebi Elif, Öçbe Çetin Batuhan
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Yeniköy Merkez, Ilıca Cd. No:29, Başiskele/Kocaeli, 41275, Türkiye.
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Bahçeşehir University, Istanbul, Türkiye.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Feb 27;25(1):314. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05673-4.
Oral and systemic health are closely linked. Chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension increase the risk of dental caries, periodontal disease and tooth loss. Moreover, poor oral health can worsen the status of systemic diseases. Despite this, oral health is often overlooked in chronic disease management. This study aimed to evaluate the oral health status of patients with chronic diseases (PWCD) compared to healthy controls using DIMF-T and DMF-S indices.
This retrospective study included 205 participants (106 PWCD and 99 healthy controls) attending the Oral Diagnosis & Radiology outpatient clinic at Bahçeşehir University Dental Hospital. Comprehensive intraoral and radiological examinations assessed caries lesions, missing teeth, filled teeth, periodontal disease, denture usage, and the prevalence of apical osteitis, soft tissue lesions, and intraosseous lesions. Oral health status was quantified using DIMF-T and DMF-S indices. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify differences between groups.
The study group (PWCD) exhibited significantly higher median values for missing teeth (MT), decayed surfaces (DS), missing surfaces (MS), DIMF-T, and DMF-S indices compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Chronic periodontitis was more prevalent in PWCD (76.42%) than in controls (45.45%), while gingivitis was more common in the control group (52.53%, p < 0.001). Medication use for systemic diseases was strongly associated with poor oral health outcomes (p < 0.001). However, no significant differences were observed between the groups for decayed teeth (DT), hopeless teeth (IT), or filled teeth (FT).
PWCD demonstrated worse oral health outcomes compared to healthy controls, highlighting the need for integrated oral and systemic healthcare strategies. Dental professionals should be careful in identifying oral conditions that may signal underlying systemic diseases. Future research should explore the integration of oral health evaluations into routine medical screenings and examine the global practices of oral health management in PWCD.
口腔健康与全身健康密切相关。糖尿病、心血管疾病和高血压等慢性疾病会增加患龋齿、牙周病和牙齿缺失的风险。此外，口腔健康状况不佳会使全身疾病的病情恶化。尽管如此，在慢性病管理中，口腔健康常常被忽视。本研究旨在使用DIMF-T和DMF-S指数评估慢性病患者（PWCD）与健康对照者的口腔健康状况。
这项回顾性研究纳入了205名参与者（106名PWCD和99名健康对照者），他们均在巴赫切谢希尔大学牙科医院的口腔诊断与放射科门诊就诊。全面的口腔内和放射学检查评估了龋损、缺失牙、补牙、牙周病、义齿使用情况，以及根尖骨炎、软组织病变和骨内病变的患病率。使用DIMF-T和DMF-S指数对口腔健康状况进行量化。进行统计分析以确定组间差异。
与对照组相比，研究组（PWCD）的缺失牙（MT）、龋面（DS）、失牙面（MS）、DIMF-T和DMF-S指数的中位数显著更高（p < 0.001）。慢性牙周炎在PWCD中（76.42%）比在对照组中（45.45%）更为普遍，而牙龈炎在对照组中更为常见（52.53%，p < 0.001）。全身性疾病的用药与不良口腔健康结果密切相关（p < 0.001）。然而，两组在龋齿（DT）、无保留价值牙（IT）或补牙（FT）方面未观察到显著差异。
与健康对照者相比，PWCD的口腔健康结果更差，这突出了综合口腔和全身医疗保健策略的必要性。牙科专业人员在识别可能预示潜在全身性疾病的口腔状况时应谨慎。未来的研究应探索将口腔健康评估纳入常规医疗筛查，并研究PWCD口腔健康管理的全球实践。
