Zhou Chen, Wang Qingmin, Tan Ivy, Zhang Lujun, Zelinka Mark D, Wang Minghuai, Bloch-Johnson Jonah
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Sci Adv. 2025 Feb 28;11(9):eadr4248. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adr4248.
Earth's energy budget is sensitive to the spatial distribution of sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration (SIC) change, but the global radiative effect of changes in SIC spatial distribution has not been quantified. We show that SIC-induced radiation anomalies at the top of the atmosphere are sensitive to the location of SIC reduction in each season, which qualitatively explains how and why the effect of sea ice loss on Earth's energy budget is determined by its spatial pattern. Idealized experiments indicate that SIC-induced surface warming is greater in the Arctic regions, resulting in a more negative Planck feedback. Global low-level cloud cover responses to Arctic and Antarctic SIC reduction are also distinct, leading to more negative SIC-cloud feedback in Arctic regions. SIC-induced albedo feedback is sensitive to latitude due to inhomogeneous solar radiation at the surface. As a result, the simulated radiative effect of SIC anomalies during 1980-2019 is dominated by variations in the spatial pattern of SIC.
地球的能量平衡对海表面温度和海冰浓度（SIC）变化的空间分布很敏感，但SIC空间分布变化的全球辐射效应尚未得到量化。我们表明，大气顶层由SIC引起的辐射异常对每个季节SIC减少的位置很敏感，这定性地解释了海冰损失对地球能量平衡的影响是如何以及为何由其空间格局决定的。理想化实验表明，SIC引起的地表变暖在北极地区更大，导致普朗克反馈更负。全球低层云覆盖对北极和南极SIC减少的响应也不同，导致北极地区的SIC-云反馈更负。由于地表太阳辐射不均匀，SIC引起的反照率反馈对纬度敏感。因此，1980-2019年期间SIC异常的模拟辐射效应主要由SIC空间格局的变化主导。
