Do Quyen B, McKone Kirsten M P, Hofman Sasha J, Morrow Kayley E, Brehm Margaret V, Ladouceur Cecile D, Silk Jennifer S
Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
J Res Adolesc. 2025 Mar;35(1):e70009. doi: 10.1111/jora.70009.
Developing effective emotion regulation ability to manage negative emotion (NE) is critical during adolescence. Social baseline theory posits social connectedness may impact adolescents' everyday emotion regulation. This study examined the relation between social connectedness and NE after a negative social interaction (emotion regulation) and whether contextual factors moderate the association. Adolescent girls (N = 114; M = 12.26, SD = 0.8) from a midsized Midwestern U.S. city (67.5% White, 19.3% Black/African American, 9.6% biracial, 1.8% Asian, 1.8% Native American/other race; 8.8% Latinx) completed a 16-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol, reporting current NE, current social context and social connectedness, peak NE, and receipt of co-regulatory support. Multilevel models were used to examine direct associations of social connectedness on emotion regulation, defined as current NE regressed on peak NE, and moderation of the social connectedness-emotion regulation association by social context, co-regulatory support, and adolescent shyness. Greater within- and between-person social connectedness was associated with better emotion regulation (greater reductions in NE). However, the within-person association depended on girls' social context: Compared to being with solely peers and/or non-family, being with family was associated with a weaker association between social connectedness and emotion regulation. Similarly, receiving in-the-moment co-regulatory support was associated with a weakened link between within-person social connectedness and emotion regulation, which appeared to be driven by reports of co-rumination. Results indicate that social connectedness is associated with better emotion regulation among girls, particularly in interactions with peers and non-family compared to family, highlighting the value of social connection with peers and non-family members. However, co-rumination disrupts the benefits of social connectedness, suggesting social connectedness is not beneficial during maladaptive co-regulatory processes.
在青春期培养有效的情绪调节能力以管理负面情绪至关重要。社会基线理论认为，社会联结可能会影响青少年日常的情绪调节。本研究考察了负面社交互动（情绪调节）后社会联结与负面情绪之间的关系，以及情境因素是否会调节这种关联。来自美国中西部一个中等规模城市的青春期女孩（N = 114；M = 12.26，SD = 0.8）（67.5%为白人，19.3%为黑人/非裔美国人，9.6%为混血儿，1.8%为亚洲人，1.8%为美洲原住民/其他种族；8.8%为拉丁裔）完成了一项为期16天的生态瞬时评估（EMA）方案，报告当前的负面情绪、当前的社会情境和社会联结、峰值负面情绪以及获得的共同调节支持。使用多层次模型来检验社会联结对情绪调节的直接关联，将情绪调节定义为当前负面情绪对峰值负面情绪的回归，并考察社会情境、共同调节支持和青少年害羞对社会联结 - 情绪调节关联的调节作用。个体内部和个体之间更强的社会联结与更好的情绪调节（更大程度地减少负面情绪）相关。然而，个体内部的关联取决于女孩的社会情境：与仅与同龄人或非家庭成员在一起相比，与家人在一起时，社会联结与情绪调节之间的关联较弱。同样，获得即时的共同调节支持与个体内部社会联结与情绪调节之间的联系减弱有关，这似乎是由共同反刍的报告所驱动的。结果表明，社会联结与女孩更好的情绪调节相关，特别是在与同龄人和非家庭成员的互动中，而不是与家人的互动中，凸显了与同龄人和非家庭成员建立社会联系的价值。然而，共同反刍会破坏社会联结的益处，这表明在适应不良的共同调节过程中，社会联结并无益处。
