Koopmans Lotte, van Oppenraaij Sophie, Heijmans Maartje W F, Verlaan Sjors, Schoufour Josje D, Ten Haaf Dominique S M, van der Avoort Cindy M T, van den Helder Jantine, Memelink Robert, Verreijen Amely, Weijs Peter J M, Eijsvogels Thijs M H, Hopman Maria T E
Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health, Sport and Physical Activity, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Clin Nutr. 2025 Apr;47:177-184. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2025.02.022. Epub 2025 Feb 21.
Sufficient protein intake is important for older adults to prevent sarcopenia. Better insight into dietary characteristics may be helpful to improve daily protein intake. Therefore, this study aimed to compare characteristics of community-dwelling older adults with distinct amounts of daily protein intake.
Baseline data of older adults (age >55 years) from eight intervention studies were pooled. Protein intake was measured using 24-h recalls or 3-day food records. Participants were stratified into one of four different groups based on their habitual protein intake (<0.8 g per kilogram bodyweight per day (g/kg/d), 0.8-0.99 g/kg/d, 1.0-1.2 g/kg/d and >1.2 g/kg/d). Protein intake per meal, animal-versus plant-based protein intake, daily protein distribution patterns (e.g. spread or pulse) and the protein intake from distinct protein-rich food categories (meat, fish, dairy, grains and others) were assessed.
Among 814 participants (69 ± 9 years, 54 % male), mean protein intake was 0.98 ± 0.30 g/kg/d. 28 % (n = 227) of the population had a protein intake <0.8 g/kg/d, 29 % (n = 240) 0.8-0.99 g/kg/d, 22 % (n = 179) 1.0-1.2 g/kg/d and 21 % (n = 168) >1.2 g/kg/d. Higher protein intake groups had a lower body weight and BMI and a higher energy intake per day. Although protein intake distribution patterns did not differ across groups, meals with >20 g or >0.4 g protein per kilogram bodyweight per meal more often occurred in the higher protein intake groups. Protein intake was the lowest at breakfast followed by lunch and dinner, in all groups. Higher protein intake groups consumed a higher proportion of animal-based protein sources.
Distinct protein intake groups showed comparable intake distribution patterns, with lowest protein consumption at breakfast and highest at dinner. Nevertheless, the highest protein intake group more often consumed >20 gr of protein per meal, indicating that a focus on the absolute amount of protein per meal, particularly at breakfast, could further optimize daily protein intake in older adults.
充足的蛋白质摄入量对老年人预防肌肉减少症很重要。更好地了解饮食特征可能有助于提高日常蛋白质摄入量。因此，本研究旨在比较不同每日蛋白质摄入量的社区居住老年人的特征。
汇总八项干预研究中老年人（年龄>55岁）的基线数据。使用24小时回忆法或3天食物记录来测量蛋白质摄入量。参与者根据其习惯性蛋白质摄入量（<0.8克/千克体重/天（g/kg/d）、0.8 - 0.99 g/kg/d、1.0 - 1.2 g/kg/d和>1.2 g/kg/d）被分为四个不同组之一。评估每餐的蛋白质摄入量、动物性与植物性蛋白质摄入量、每日蛋白质分布模式（例如分散或脉冲式）以及不同富含蛋白质食物类别（肉类、鱼类、乳制品、谷物和其他）的蛋白质摄入量。
在814名参与者（69±9岁，54%为男性）中，平均蛋白质摄入量为0.98±0.30 g/kg/d。28%（n = 227）的人群蛋白质摄入量<0.8 g/kg/d，29%（n = 240）为0.8 - 0.99 g/kg/d，22%（n = 179）为1.0 - 1.2 g/kg/d，21%（n = 168）>1.2 g/kg/d。蛋白质摄入量较高的组体重和BMI较低，每日能量摄入量较高。尽管各蛋白质摄入量组之间的蛋白质摄入分布模式没有差异，但每餐蛋白质摄入量>20克或>0.4克/千克体重的餐次在蛋白质摄入量较高的组中更常见。在所有组中，早餐时蛋白质摄入量最低，其次是午餐和晚餐。蛋白质摄入量较高的组食用动物性蛋白质来源的比例更高。
不同蛋白质摄入量组的摄入分布模式具有可比性，早餐时蛋白质摄入量最低，晚餐时最高。然而，蛋白质摄入量最高的组每餐摄入>20克蛋白质的情况更常见，这表明关注每餐蛋白质的绝对量，尤其是早餐时的量，可能会进一步优化老年人的每日蛋白质摄入量。
